global using System;
global using System.Collections.Generic;
global using System.IO;
global using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;

namespace ParadoxSaveParser.Lib;

/// <summary>
///     Sequential parser that doesn't cache anything.
/// </summary>
public class SaveParserEU4
{
    private const int DefaultBufferSize = 64 * 1024;
    private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> Header => "EU4txt"u8;

    /// <summary>
    ///     Windows-1252 is the default encoding of the save files
    /// </summary>
    public static Encoding DefaultEncoding => ParadoxEncodings.Windows1252;

    private readonly Tokenizer _tokens;
    private readonly SearchExpressionCompilation? _query;

    // step of the query the parser is currently at, compiled by Parse()
    private ISearchExpression? _searchExprCurrent;

    /// <summary>
    ///     Encoding of the strings inside the save. Saves of different localizations use
    ///     different ones, so it can be changed; <see cref="DefaultEncoding" /> is what EU4 writes.
    /// </summary>
    public Encoding Encoding { get; }

    /// <param name="savefile">
    ///     Uncompressed stream of <c>gamestate</c> file which can be extracted from save archive
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="query">
    ///     Parsing whole save may take a few seconds on mid pc and takes 1GB of RAM,
    ///     so you should specify what exactly you want to get from save file
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="encoding">Encoding of the strings inside the save. <see cref="DefaultEncoding"/></param>
    /// <param name="bufferSize">Size of the read buffer. Mostly useful for tests.</param>
    public SaveParserEU4(Stream savefile, SearchExpressionCompilation? query,
        Encoding? encoding = null, int bufferSize = DefaultBufferSize)
    {
        Encoding = encoding ?? DefaultEncoding;
        _query = query;
        _tokens = new Tokenizer(savefile, bufferSize);
    }

    public Dictionary<string, object> Parse()
    {
        // compiled here, so the keys of the query are always encoded like the save
        _searchExprCurrent = _query?.Compile(Encoding);
        _tokens.ReadHeader(Header, Encoding);
        return ParseDict();
    }

    // doesn't move next
    private object? ParseValue()
    {
        switch (_tokens.Type)
        {
            case TokenType.StringOrNumber:
                return ParseScalar(_tokens.Text);
            case TokenType.BracketOpen:
                return ParseListOrDict();
            case TokenType.BracketClose:
                return null;
            default:
                throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
        }
    }

    private object ParseScalar(ReadOnlySpan<byte> text)
    {
        // string values can be empty
        if (text.Length == 0)
            return string.Empty;
        if (text.SequenceEqual("yes"u8))
            return true;
        if (text.SequenceEqual("no"u8))
            return false;

        byte first = text[0];
        if (first != (byte)'-' && !char.IsAsciiDigit((char)first))
            return DecodeString(text);
        if (text.Contains((byte)'.')
            && double.TryParse(text, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out double d))
            return d;
        if (long.TryParse(text, NumberStyles.Integer, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out long l))
            return l;
        return DecodeString(text);
    }

    private string DecodeString(ReadOnlySpan<byte> text)
    {
        // Skip control characters, which are invisible and causing frontend bugs.
        // I dont know why there are so many of them in strings.
        if (!text.ContainsAnyInRange((byte)0, (byte)0x1F))
            return Encoding.GetString(text);

        Span<byte> cleaned = text.Length <= 256 ? stackalloc byte[text.Length] : new byte[text.Length];
        int length = 0;
        foreach (byte b in text)
            if (b >= 0x20)
                cleaned[length++] = b;
        return Encoding.GetString(cleaned[..length]);
    }

    // skips next value
    /// <returns>true if skipped value, false if current token is closing bracket</returns>
    private bool SkipValue()
    {
        switch (_tokens.Type)
        {
            case TokenType.BracketOpen:
                _tokens.SkipBlock();
                return true;
            case TokenType.StringOrNumber:
                return true;
            case TokenType.BracketClose:
                return false;
            default:
                throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
        }
    }

    private static bool IsEmptyCollection(object value)
        => value is Dictionary<string, object> { Count: 0 } or List<object> { Count: 0 };

    // doesn't move next
    private object ParseListOrDict()
    {
        if (_tokens.PeekType(1) == TokenType.StringOrNumber && _tokens.PeekType(2) == TokenType.Equals)
            return ParseDict();

        return ParseList();
    }

    // moves next
    private List<object> ParseList()
    {
        List<object> list = new();
        for (int i = 0; ; i++)
        {
            if (!_tokens.Read())
                throw new Exception("Unexpected end of file");

            ISearchExpression? searchExprNext = null;
            if (_searchExprCurrent != null
                && !_searchExprCurrent.DoesMatch(new MatchCandidate(i), out searchExprNext))
            {
                if (!SkipValue())
                    break;
                continue;
            }

            var searchExprPrev = _searchExprCurrent;
            _searchExprCurrent = searchExprNext;
            object? value = ParseValue();
            _searchExprCurrent = searchExprPrev;
            if (value is null)
                break;

            // do dot add empty collections into list
            if (IsEmptyCollection(value))
                continue;

            list.Add(value);
        }

        return list;
    }

    // moves next
    private Dictionary<string, object> ParseDict()
    {
        Dictionary<string, object> dict = new();

        // root is a dict without closing bracket, so this method must check for end of file
        for (int localIndex = 0; _tokens.Read(); localIndex++)
        {
            // end of dictionary
            if (_tokens.Type == TokenType.BracketClose)
                break;

            // Saves may contain some blocks without key.
            // Such blocks are skipped because idk where to put them.
            // Example: `technology_group=tech_cannorian{ }
            //          { } { } { }`
            if (_tokens.Type == TokenType.BracketOpen)
            {
                _tokens.SkipBlock();
                continue;
            }

            if (_tokens.Type != TokenType.StringOrNumber)
                throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);

            // The key is matched before the value is read, so that a key rejected by the query
            // never has to become a string.
            ISearchExpression? searchExprNext = null;
            bool matches = _searchExprCurrent == null
                           || _searchExprCurrent.DoesMatch(
                               new MatchCandidate(localIndex, _tokens.Text), out searchExprNext);
            string? keyStr = matches ? DecodeString(_tokens.Text) : null;

            // next token should be `=` or `{`
            if (!_tokens.Read())
                throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
            if (_tokens.Type == TokenType.Equals)
            {
                // skip `=`
                if (!_tokens.Read())
                    throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
            }
            // Saves may contain object definition without `=`.
            // Example: `map_area_data {` instead of `map_area_data = {`
            else if (_tokens.Type != TokenType.BracketOpen)
            {
                throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
            }

            if (!matches)
            {
                if (!SkipValue())
                    throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
                continue;
            }

            var searExpressionPrevious = _searchExprCurrent;
            _searchExprCurrent = searchExprNext;
            object? value = ParseValue();
            if (value is null)
                throw new UnexpectedTokenException(_tokens, Encoding);
            _searchExprCurrent = searExpressionPrevious;

            // Paradox save format has another way of defining list:
            // a = 1
            // a = 2
            // It means `a = { 1 2 }`
            if (dict.TryGetValue(keyStr!, out var firstValue))
            {
                // Do dot add empty collections into list.
                // `key:{}` is okay, but i don't want to see `key:[{},{},{},{},{},{}]`
                if (IsEmptyCollection(value))
                    continue;

                if (firstValue is List<object> existingList)
                    existingList.Add(value);
                else dict[keyStr!] = new List<object> { firstValue, value };
            }
            else
            {
                dict.Add(keyStr!, value);
            }
        }

        return dict;
    }

    internal class UnexpectedTokenException : Exception
    {
        public UnexpectedTokenException(Tokenizer tokens, Encoding encoding) :
            base($"Unexpected token: {tokens.Line}:{tokens.Column} '{tokens.Describe(encoding)}'")
        {
        }
    }
}