fixed mingw libraries static compilation

.gitignore

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # build results
 bin/
 obj/
-src/generated/
 imgui.ini
 
 # IDE files
@@ -21,3 +20,4 @@ temp/
 logs/
 log/
 *.log
+/mono/

.gitmodules

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 	branch = docking
 [submodule "dependencies/resource_embedder"]
 	path = dependencies/resource_embedder
-	url = https://timerix.ddns.net:3322/Timerix/resource_embedder.git
+	url = https://timerix.ddns.net/git/Timerix/resource_embedder.git

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
                 "DEBUG=1"
             ],
             "includePath": [
+                "dependencies/include",
                 "dependencies/include/SDL2",
                 "dependencies/imgui",
                 "${default}"
-            ]
+            ],
+            "cppStandard": "c++20"
         }
     ],
     "version": 4

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
             "stopAtEntry": false,
             "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/bin",
             "externalConsole": false,
+            "internalConsoleOptions": "neverOpen",
             "MIMode": "gdb",
             "miDebuggerPath": "gdb",
             "setupCommands": [

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         "command": "bash",
         "args": [
             "-c",
-            "cbuild build_exec_dbg"
+            "cbuild rebuild_dependencies=src-csharp build_exec_dbg"
         ],
         "options": {
           "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"

README.md

@@ -1,38 +1,31 @@
-# ougge
+# OUGGE
 A game engine or something, idk.
 
 ## Installation
-1. Clone the repository
+1. **Clone the repository.**
 ```sh
-git clone --recurse-submodules https://timerix.ddns.net:3322/Timerix/ougge.git
+git clone --recurse-submodules https://timerix.ddns.net/git/Timerix/ougge.git
 ```
-2. Install [cbuild](https://timerix.ddns.net:3322/Timerix/cbuild.git)
+2. **Install [cbuild](https://timerix.ddns.net/git/Timerix/cbuild).**
-3. Install **SDL2** from package manager or compile it from source.  
+3. **Install [SDL2](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL) and [SDL2_image](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_image).**
-    **If you are using msys, switch to mingw64 sh.**
+    - On **Linux** install shared libraries from a package manager or compile them from source.
+    - On **Windows** download pre-built dll's from github releases and put them into `dependencies/precompiled/`.
+4. **Symlink SDL headers directory** to `dependencies/include`.
     ```sh
-    git clone https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL.git
-    cd SDL
-    ./configure
-    make -j [number of cpu threads]
-    ```
-    Then you can install it systemwide (on **Linux**): 
-    ```sh
-    sudo make install
-    ```
-    or copy to ./dependencies/precompiled/ (on **Windows**): 
-    ```sh
-    mkdir -p ../ougge/dependencies/precompiled/
-    cp ./build/.libs/SDL2.dll ../ougge/dependencies/precompiled/
-    ```
-    If it doesn't work, read [SDL/INSTALL.txt](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/blob/SDL2/INSTALL.txt) and [SDL/docs/README.md](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/blob/SDL2/docs/README.md).  
-4. Symlink SDL headers directory to `dependencies/include`
-    ```sh
-    cd ../ougge
     ln -s SDL2_HEADERS_DIRECTORY_ABSOLUTE_PATH -T dependencies/include/SDL2
     ```
     Location of the headers can be found by `pkg-config --cflags --libs sdl2`. 
     Mingw installs SDL2 headers to `/mingw64/include/SDL2`. 
-5. Compile the program
+5. **Download mono runtime** ([source is here](https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/tree/main/src/mono)).
+    - default version
+        ```sh
+        cbuild download_mono_from_nuget
+        ```
+    - or some specific version
+        ```sh
+        cbuild download_mono_from_nuget=x.y.z
+        ```
+7. **Compile the program**
     ```sh
     cbuild build_exec_dbg
     ```

dependencies/compile_resources.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -eo pipefail
+echo 'compiling resources...'
+inputs=""
+for f in $(find ../../embedded_resources -type f); do
+    inputs+="-i $f "
+done
+mkdir -p ../obj
+mkdir -p ../bin
+set -x
+./resource_embedder -o '../obj/embedded_resources.c' -d '../../embedded_resources' $inputs
+gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -DEMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION -c ../obj/embedded_resources.c -o ../bin/resources.o
+set +x
+# header without definitions
+./resource_embedder -o '../../src/Resources/embedded_resources.h'
+echo "embedded resources header was created at src/Resources/embedded_resources.h"

dependencies/imgui.project.config

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ SRC_CPP="imgui.cpp
     imgui_tables.cpp
     imgui_widgets.cpp
     backends/imgui_impl_sdl2.cpp
-    backends/imgui_impl_opengl3.cpp"
+    backends/imgui_impl_sdlrenderer2.cpp"
 
 # Directory with dependency configs.
 # See cbuild/example_dependency_configs

dependencies/precompiled.config

@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-mkdir -p 'dependencies/precompiled'
+DEP_WORKING_DIR="dependencies/precompiled/$OS-$ARCH"
-DEP_WORKING_DIR='dependencies/precompiled'
+mkdir -p "dependencies/precompiled"
+mkdir -p "$DEP_WORKING_DIR"
 DEP_PRE_BUILD_COMMAND=''
 DEP_BUILD_COMMAND=''
 DEP_POST_BUILD_COMMAND=''
 DEP_CLEAN_COMMAND=''
+
 # won't be copied to project $OUTDIR
-DEP_STATIC_OUT_FILES=$(find dependencies/precompiled -name '*.a' | sed 's,dependencies/precompiled/,,')
+DEP_STATIC_OUT_FILES=$(find "$DEP_WORKING_DIR" -name '*.a' | sed "s,$DEP_WORKING_DIR/,,")
+
+mkdir -p "$DEP_WORKING_DIR/mono-libs"
+mono_libs=$(find "$DEP_WORKING_DIR/mono-libs" -type f | sed "s,$DEP_WORKING_DIR/,,")
+
 # will be copied tp project $OUTDIR
+PRESERVE_OUT_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE=true
 case $OS in
     WINDOWS)
-        DEP_DYNAMIC_OUT_FILES=$(find dependencies/precompiled -name '*.dll' | sed 's,dependencies/precompiled/,,')
+        DEP_DYNAMIC_OUT_FILES=$(find "$DEP_WORKING_DIR" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.dll' | sed "s,$DEP_WORKING_DIR/,,")
+        DEP_OTHER_OUT_FILES="$mono_libs"
         ;;
     LINUX)
-        DEP_DYNAMIC_OUT_FILES=$(find dependencies/precompiled -name '*.so' | sed 's,dependencies/precompiled/,,')
+        DEP_DYNAMIC_OUT_FILES=$(find "$DEP_WORKING_DIR" -name '*.so' | sed "s,$DEP_WORKING_DIR/,,")
+        DEP_OTHER_OUT_FILES="$mono_libs"
         ;;
     *)
         error "operating system $OS has no configuration variants"

dependencies/src-csharp.config

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+DEP_WORKING_DIR='src-csharp'
+CS_CONFIGURATION='Release'
+if [[ "$TASK" = *_dbg ]]; then
+    CS_CONFIGURATION='Debug'
+fi
+DEP_BUILD_COMMAND=$"dotnet build src-csharp.sln -o bin -c $CS_CONFIGURATION"
+DEP_CLEAN_COMMAND='rm -rf bin obj'
+DEP_OTHER_OUT_FILES='bin/Ougge.dll'

project.config

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-CBUILD_VERSION=2.1.2
+CBUILD_VERSION=2.2.1
-CONFIG_VERSION=1
 
 PROJECT="ougge"
 CMP_C="gcc"
 CMP_CPP="g++"
 STD_C="c11"
-STD_CPP="c++17"
+STD_CPP="c++20"
 WARN_C="-Wall -Wno-discarded-qualifiers -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter"
 WARN_CPP="-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter"
 SRC_C="$(find src -name '*.c')"
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ SRC_CPP="$(find src -name '*.cpp')"
 # See cbuild/example_dependency_configs
 DEPENDENCY_CONFIGS_DIR='dependencies'
 # List of dependency config files in DEPENDENCY_CONFIGS_DIR separated by space.
-ENABLED_DEPENDENCIES='imgui precompiled'
+ENABLED_DEPENDENCIES='precompiled resources imgui src-csharp'
 
 # OBJDIR structure:
 #  ├── objects/      - Compiled object files. Cleans on each call of build task
@@ -28,19 +27,19 @@ OUTDIR="bin"
 STATIC_LIB_FILE="lib$PROJECT.a"
 
 # header include directories
-INCLUDE="-I./dependencies/imgui -I./dependencies/include/SDL2"
+INCLUDE="-I./dependencies/imgui -I./dependencies/include -I./dependencies/include/SDL2"
 
 # OS-specific options
 case "$OS" in
     WINDOWS)
         EXEC_FILE="$PROJECT.exe"
         SHARED_LIB_FILE="$PROJECT.dll"
-        LINKER_LIBS="-lopengl32 -lpthread"
+        LINKER_LIBS="-static -lstdc++ -lpthread"
         ;;
     LINUX)
         EXEC_FILE="$PROJECT"
         SHARED_LIB_FILE="$PROJECT.so"
-        LINKER_LIBS="-lSDL2 -lGL"
+        LINKER_LIBS="-lSDL2 -lSDL2_image"
         ;;
     *)
         error "operating system $OS has no configuration variants"
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ case "$TASK" in
         ;;
     # executes $EXEC_FILE with valgrind memory checker
     valgrind)  
-        VALGRIND_ARGS="-s --read-var-info=yes --track-origins=yes --fullpath-after=$(pwd) --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all" 
+        VALGRIND_ARGS="-s --read-var-info=yes --track-origins=yes --fullpath-after=$(pwd)/ --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all" 
         TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/valgrind.sh
         ;;
     # generates profiling info
@@ -176,10 +175,12 @@ case "$TASK" in
     rebuild_dependencies)
         TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/rebuild_dependencies.sh
         ;;
+    download_mono_from_nuget)
+        TASK_SCRIPT=tasks/download_mono_from_nuget.sh
+        ;;
     # deletes generated files
     clean)
         TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/clean.sh
-        POST_TASK_SCRIPT=tasks/clean_additions.sh
         ;;
     # nothing to do
     "" | no_task)

src-csharp/Component.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ougge;
+
+public abstract class Component {
+    private GameObject _gameObject;
+
+    internal Component(GameObject gameObject)
+    {
+        _gameObject = gameObject;
+    }
+
+    public GameObject Owner { get => _gameObject.IsDestroyed ? throw new Exception("GameObject") : _gameObject; }
+
+    public virtual void Update(double deltaTime) {}
+}

src-csharp/ExampleComponent.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Ougge;
+
+public class ExampleComponent : Component
+{
+    public ExampleComponent(GameObject gameObject) : base(gameObject)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public override void Update(double deltaTime)
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine($"C# deltaTime {deltaTime} object id {Owner.Id}");
+    }
+}

src-csharp/GameObject.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ougge;
+
+[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+public struct Transform
+{
+    Vector2 scale;  
+    Vector2 position;
+    float rotation;
+}
+
+public class GameObject
+{
+    // index in GameObjectPool
+    private ulong _id;
+    private uint _index;
+    private bool _isDestroyed;
+
+    public ulong Id => _id;
+    public bool IsDestroyed => _isDestroyed;
+
+    public Transform Transform { get; }
+    public GameObject? Parent;
+
+    public Dictionary<Type, Component> Components;
+
+    private GameObject(ulong id, uint nativePoolIndex)
+    {
+        _id = id;
+        _index = nativePoolIndex;
+        // Do not move this line or mono runtime will throw SEGFAULT.
+        // Mono runtime can't set values in field declaration, but initializing everything in constructor is OK. 
+        Components = new();
+    }
+
+    static public GameObject Create()
+    {
+        NativeMethods.createGameObject(out ulong id, out uint index);
+        var o = new GameObject(id, index);
+        return o;
+    }
+
+    public void Destroy()
+    {
+        if(_isDestroyed)
+            return;
+
+        _isDestroyed = NativeMethods.destroyGameObject(_index);
+        if(!_isDestroyed)
+            throw new Exception($"Can't destroy GameObject({_id})");
+    }
+
+    /// <param name="t">type derived from Component</param>
+    /// <returns>true if new component instance was created, false if component of the same tipe is already added to GameObject</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="Exception"></exception>
+    public bool TryCreateComponent(Type t)
+    {
+        if(!t.IsSubclassOf(typeof(Component)))
+            throw new Exception($"type {t.FullName} is not a derived class of {typeof(Component).FullName}");
+
+        if(Components.ContainsKey(t))
+            return false;
+        
+        Component component = (Component)Activator.CreateInstance(t, this);
+        Components.Add(t, component);
+        return true;
+    }
+    private bool TryCreateComponent_internal(string fullName)
+    {
+        Type t = Type.GetType(fullName) ?? throw new Exception($"type not found '{fullName}'");
+        return TryCreateComponent(t);
+    }
+    
+    private void InvokeUpdate(double deltaTime)
+    {
+        foreach(var p in Components)
+        {
+            p.Value.Update(deltaTime);
+        }
+    }
+}

src-csharp/NativeMethods.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ougge;
+
+internal static class NativeMethods
+{
+    [DllImport("__Internal")]
+    internal extern static bool destroyGameObject(uint index);
+    
+    [DllImport("__Internal")]
+    internal extern static void createGameObject(out ulong id, out uint index);
+}

src-csharp/Ougge.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+    <LangVersion>latest</LangVersion>
+    <RootNamespace>Ougge</RootNamespace>
+    <ImplicitUsings>disable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>

src-csharp/src-csharp.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Ougge", "Ougge.csproj", "{6BB6FC40-E2E4-4CFA-8A46-B3D391A5ADC7}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{6BB6FC40-E2E4-4CFA-8A46-B3D391A5ADC7}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{6BB6FC40-E2E4-4CFA-8A46-B3D391A5ADC7}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{6BB6FC40-E2E4-4CFA-8A46-B3D391A5ADC7}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{6BB6FC40-E2E4-4CFA-8A46-B3D391A5ADC7}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

src/Engine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include "Engine.hpp"
+#include "gui/gui.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge {
+
+Engine::Engine()
+    : gameObjectPool(GAMEOBJECTPOOL_SIZE) 
+{
+}
+
+void Engine::init(){
+    engineManagedAssembly = mono.loadAssembly("Ougge.dll");
+    gameObjectClass = engineManagedAssembly->getClass("Ougge", "GameObject");
+    gameObjectCtor = Mono::Method<void(u64, u32)>(gameObjectClass, ".ctor");
+    gameObjectInvokeUpdate = Mono::Method<void(f64)>(gameObjectClass, "InvokeUpdate");
+    gameObjectTryCreateComponent = Mono::Method<Mono::Bool(Mono::String)>(gameObjectClass, "TryCreateComponent_internal");
+}
+
+void Engine::openMainWindow(const std::string& window_title){
+    mainWindow.open(window_title);
+}
+
+void Engine::startLoop(){
+    if(loop_running)
+        throw UsefulException("loop is running already");
+    
+    nsec_t prev_update_time_ns = getMonotonicTimeNsec();
+    loop_running=true;
+    // main loop
+    while(loop_running){
+        mainWindow.pollEvents(&loop_running);
+        if(!loop_running)
+            break;
+        
+        nsec_t update_time_ns = getMonotonicTimeNsec();
+        if(update_time_ns < prev_update_time_ns)
+            throw UsefulException("monotonic clock returned unexpected value");
+        f64 delta_time_s = (f64)(update_time_ns - prev_update_time_ns) / 1e9;
+        prev_update_time_ns = update_time_ns;
+        
+        tryDrawFrame(delta_time_s);
+        
+        nsec_t after_update_time_ns = getMonotonicTimeNsec();
+        nsec_t frame_delay_ns = (nsec_t)1e9 / mainWindow.fps_max - (after_update_time_ns - update_time_ns);
+        if(frame_delay_ns > 0){
+            SDL_Delay(frame_delay_ns / 1e6);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mainWindow.close();
+}
+
+void Engine::stopLoop(){
+    loop_running = false;
+}
+
+void Engine::tryDrawFrame(f64 deltaTime){
+    static std::string error_message;
+    static bool draw_error_window = false;
+    try {
+        mainWindow.beginFrame();
+        
+        if(draw_error_window)
+            gui::drawErrorWindow(error_message, &draw_error_window);
+        else {
+            updateGameObjects(deltaTime);
+            if(!updateCallback.isNull())
+                updateCallback(deltaTime);
+        }
+        mainWindow.endFrame();
+    }
+    catch(const std::exception& e){
+        error_message = "Catched exception: " + std::string(e.what());
+        draw_error_window = true;
+        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
+    }
+    catch(const char* cstr){
+        error_message = "Catched error message (const char*): " + std::string(cstr);
+        draw_error_window = true;
+        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
+    }
+    catch(const std::string& str){
+        error_message = "Catched error message (std::string): " + str;
+        draw_error_window = true;
+        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
+    }
+    catch(...){
+        error_message = "Catched unknown error";
+        draw_error_window = true;
+        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Engine::updateGameObjects(f64 deltaTime){
+    for(auto pair : gameObjectPool){
+        gameObjectInvokeUpdate(pair.second.getObjectHandle().getObject(), deltaTime);
+    }
+}
+
+game::GameObject& Engine::createGameObject(){
+    auto pair = gameObjectPool.emplace(game::GameObject(mono.createObject(gameObjectClass)));
+    game::GameObject& obj = pair.second;
+    gameObjectCtor(obj.getObjectHandle().getObject(), ++obj_id, pair.first);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+bool Engine::tryCreateComponent(game::GameObject& obj, const std::string& componentClassName){
+    Mono::String componentClassNameManaged = mono.createString(componentClassName);
+    Mono::Bool created = gameObjectTryCreateComponent(obj.getObjectHandle().getObject(), componentClassNameManaged);
+    return created.wide_bool;
+}
+
+}

src/Engine.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/function_shared_ptr.hpp"
+#include "mono/mono.hpp"
+#include "game/GameObjectPool.hpp"
+#include "gui/MainWindow.hpp"
+#include "resources/textures.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge {
+
+#define GAMEOBJECTPOOL_SIZE 64*1024
+
+using UpdateFunc_t = function_shared_ptr<void(f64)>;
+
+class Engine {
+    bool loop_running = false;
+
+    game::GameObjectPool gameObjectPool;
+    u64 obj_id = 0;
+    MonoClass* gameObjectClass;
+    Mono::Method<void(u64, u32)> gameObjectCtor;
+    Mono::Method<void(f64)> gameObjectInvokeUpdate;
+    Mono::Method<Mono::Bool(Mono::String)> gameObjectTryCreateComponent;
+    
+public:
+    gui::MainWindow mainWindow;
+    UpdateFunc_t updateCallback;
+
+    Mono::RuntimeJIT mono;
+    std::shared_ptr<Mono::Assembly> engineManagedAssembly;
+
+    resources::CacheStorage<resources::Texture> textures;
+
+    Engine();
+    void init();
+    void openMainWindow(const std::string& window_title);
+    // start game loop on the current thread
+    void startLoop();
+    void stopLoop();
+
+    game::GameObject& createGameObject();
+    bool tryCreateComponent(game::GameObject& obj, const std::string& componentClassName);
+    
+
+private:
+    void tryDrawFrame(f64 deltaTime);
+    void updateGameObjects(f64 deltaTime);
+};
+
+}

src/GUI/MainWindow.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+#include <backends/imgui_impl_sdl2.h>
+#include <backends/imgui_impl_sdlrenderer2.h>
+#include <iostream>
 #include "MainWindow.hpp"
-#include "backends/imgui_impl_sdl2.h"
+#include "gui_exceptions.hpp"
-#include "backends/imgui_impl_opengl3.h"
+#include "../common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include "../resources/fonts.hpp"
+#include "../resources/textures.hpp"
+#include "../common/math.hpp"
 
-namespace ougge::GUI {
+namespace ougge::gui {
 
 f32 MainWindow::getDPI(){
-    int w=0, h=0;
+    i32 w=0, h=0;
-    SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize(sdl_window, &w, &h);
+    SDL_GetRendererOutputSize(sdl_renderer, &w, &h);
-    int sim_w=0, sim_h=0;
+    i32 sim_w=0, sim_h=0;
     SDL_GetWindowSize(sdl_window, &sim_w, &sim_h);
     f32 wdpi=(f32)w / sim_w;
     f32 hdpi=(f32)h / sim_h;
@@ -15,41 +21,36 @@ f32 MainWindow::getDPI(){
     return dpi;
 }
 
-void MainWindow::init(const char* window_title){
+void MainWindow::open(const std::string& window_title){
-    SDL_TRY(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO));
+    SDL_TRY(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING));
     SDL_version v;
     SDL_GetVersion(&v);
-    std::cout<<format("SDL version: %u.%u.%u\n", v.major, v.minor, v.patch);
+    std::cout<<ougge_format("SDL version: %u.%u.%u\n", v.major, v.minor, v.patch);
-    // GL 3.0 + GLSL 130
-    const char* glsl_version = "#version 130";
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FLAGS, 0));
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE));
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3));
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 0));
     
     // From 2.0.18: Enable native IME.
 #ifdef SDL_HINT_IME_SHOW_UI
     SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_IME_SHOW_UI, "1");
 #endif
     
-    // Create window with graphics context
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1));
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24));
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_STENCIL_SIZE, 8));
     SDL_WindowFlags window_flags = (SDL_WindowFlags)(
-        SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL |
+        SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE | SDL_WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI
-        SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE |
+    );
-        SDL_WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI);
+    sdl_window = SDL_CreateWindow(window_title.c_str(),
-    sdl_window = SDL_CreateWindow(window_title,
         SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
         1280, 720, window_flags);
     if(sdl_window == nullptr)
         throw SDLException();
-    gl_context = SDL_GL_CreateContext(sdl_window);
+    
-    if(gl_context == nullptr)
+    SDL_RendererFlags renderer_flags = (SDL_RendererFlags)(
+        SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC
+    );
+    sdl_renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(sdl_window, -1, renderer_flags);
+    if(sdl_renderer == nullptr)
         throw SDLException();
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_MakeCurrent(sdl_window, gl_context));
+    
-    SDL_TRY( SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval(1)); // Enable vsync
+    SDL_RendererInfo info;
+    SDL_GetRendererInfo(sdl_renderer, &info);
+    std::cout<<"Current SDL_Renderer driver: "<<info.name<<std::endl;
 
     // Setup Dear ImGui context
     IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
@@ -64,170 +65,72 @@ void MainWindow::init(const char* window_title){
     io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly = true;
 
     // Setup Platform/Renderer backends
-    if(ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForOpenGL(sdl_window, gl_context) != true)
+    if(!ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForSDLRenderer(sdl_window, sdl_renderer))
         throw SDLException();
-    if(ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_Init(glsl_version) != true)
+    if(!ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_Init(sdl_renderer))
         throw SDLException();
 
     // Setup Dear ImGui style
     ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+    f32 dpi = getDPI();
+    io.FontDefault = resources::ImFont_LoadFromResource(default_font, default_font_size, dpi);
 }
 
-// Wait, poll and handle events (inputs, window resize, etc.)
+void MainWindow::close(){
-void MainWindow::poll_events(u16& frame_updates_requested, bool wait){
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_Shutdown();
-    SDL_Event event;
+    ImGui_ImplSDL2_Shutdown();
-    if(wait){
+    ImGui::DestroyContext();
-        // waits for first event in cpu-efficient way
+    SDL_DestroyRenderer(sdl_renderer);
-        SDL_TRY(SDL_WaitEvent(&event) != 1); 
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window);
-    }
+    SDL_Quit();
-    // dont wait for event
+}
-    else if(!SDL_PollEvent(&event))
-        return;
 
-    do {
+void MainWindow::pollEvents(bool* loopRunning){
-        if(ImGui_ImplSDL2_ProcessEvent(&event))
+    SDL_Event event;
-            frame_updates_requested=2;
+    while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+        ImGui_ImplSDL2_ProcessEvent(&event);
         switch(event.type){
             case SDL_QUIT: {
-                close();
+                *loopRunning = false;
                 break;
             }
             case SDL_WINDOWEVENT: {
-                if(event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_CLOSE && event.window.windowID == SDL_GetWindowID(sdl_window)){
+                if(event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_CLOSE 
-                    close();
+                    && event.window.windowID == SDL_GetWindowID(sdl_window))
+                {
+                    *loopRunning = false;
                 }
                 break;
             }
         }
-    } while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)); // if there are more events, handles them
-}
-
-void ImGui_drawErrorWindow(bool* draw_error_window, std::string& msg){
-    ImGui::Begin("ERROR", draw_error_window);
-        ImGui::Text("%s", msg.c_str());
-    ImGui::End();
-}
-
-void MainWindow::draw_ui(){
-    static std::string error_message;
-    static bool draw_error_window = false;
-    try {
-        // Draw UI
-        if(draw_error_window)
-            ImGui_drawErrorWindow(&draw_error_window, error_message);
-        else {
-            draw_bg_window();
-            draw_debug_window();
-        }
-    }
-    catch(const std::exception& e){
-        error_message = "Catched exception: " + std::string(e.what());
-        draw_error_window = true;
-        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
-    }
-    catch(const char* cstr){
-        error_message = "Catched error message (const char*): " + std::string(cstr);
-        draw_error_window = true;
-        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
-    }
-    catch(const std::string& str){
-        error_message = "Catched error message (std::string): " + str;
-        draw_error_window = true;
-        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
-    }
-    catch(...){
-        error_message = "Catched unknown error";
-        draw_error_window = true;
-        std::cerr<<error_message<<std::endl;
     }
 }
 
-void MainWindow::draw_frame(){
+
+void MainWindow::beginFrame(){
     // Start the Dear ImGui frame
-    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_NewFrame();
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_NewFrame();
     ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
     ImGui::NewFrame();
 
-    draw_ui();
-
-    // Rendering
-    ImGui::Render();
     ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
-    glViewport(0, 0, (int)io.DisplaySize.x, (int)io.DisplaySize.y);
+    SDL_RenderSetScale(sdl_renderer, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.x, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.y);
-    glClearColor(clear_color.x * clear_color.w, clear_color.y * clear_color.w, clear_color.z * clear_color.w, clear_color.w);
+    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(sdl_renderer, 
-    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+        (u8)(clear_color.x * 255),
-    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());
+        (u8)(clear_color.y * 255),
-
+        (u8)(clear_color.z * 255),
-    // Update and Render additional Platform Windows
+        (u8)(clear_color.w * 255));
-    // (Platform functions may change the current OpenGL context, so we save/restore it to make it easier to paste this code elsewhere.
+    SDL_RenderClear(sdl_renderer);
-    //  For this specific demo app we could also call SDL_GL_MakeCurrent(window, gl_context) directly)
-    if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
-    {
-        SDL_Window* backup_current_window = SDL_GL_GetCurrentWindow();
-        SDL_GLContext backup_current_context = SDL_GL_GetCurrentContext();
-        ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows();
-        ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault();
-        SDL_GL_MakeCurrent(backup_current_window, backup_current_context);
-    }
-
-    SDL_GL_SwapWindow(sdl_window);
 
+    draw_bg_window();
+    draw_debug_window();
 }
 
-void MainWindow::startAndWait(){
+void MainWindow::endFrame(){
-    if(loop_running)
+    ImGui::Render();
-        throw UsefulException("loop is already running");
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), sdl_renderer);
-
+    // Swap buffers
-    // draw first frame
+    SDL_RenderPresent(sdl_renderer);
-    draw_frame();
-
-    u16 frame_updates_requested=1;
-    u64 prev_update_time_ms=SDL_GetTicks64();
-    loop_running=true;
-    // main loop
-    while(loop_running){
-        // waits for events
-        poll_events(frame_updates_requested, main_loop_wait_for_input);
-
-        if(frame_updates_requested==0)
-        {
-            u64 update_time_ms=SDL_GetTicks64();
-            if(update_time_ms >= prev_update_time_ms + 1000/fps_min){
-                // if frame rate < fps_min then requests frame draw
-                // works only if main_loop_wait_for_input = false
-                frame_updates_requested=1;
-                prev_update_time_ms=update_time_ms;
-            }
-            else {
-                // skips frame rendering and waits to limit fps
-                u32 frame_delay_ms=1000/fps_max;
-                SDL_Delay(frame_delay_ms);
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // deaws requested number of frames
-        while(frame_updates_requested>0) {
-            draw_frame();
-            frame_updates_requested--;
-        }   
-    }
-
-    // Cleanup
-    MainWindow::destroy();
-}
-
-void MainWindow::close(){
-    loop_running=false;
-}
-
-void MainWindow::destroy(){
-    ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_Shutdown();
-    ImGui_ImplSDL2_Shutdown();
-    ImGui::DestroyContext();
-    SDL_GL_DeleteContext(gl_context);
-    SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window);
-    SDL_Quit();
 }
 
 void MainWindow::draw_bg_window(){
@@ -296,14 +199,14 @@ void MainWindow::draw_bg_window(){
 
 void MainWindow::draw_debug_window(){
     ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
-
+    if(ImGui::Begin("Debug Options", &show_debug_window)){
-    ImGui::Begin("Debug Options");
+        ImGui::ColorEdit3("clear_color", (float*)&clear_color);
-    ImGui::ColorEdit3("clear_color", (float*)&clear_color);
+        ImGui::InputInt("fps_max", &fps_max);
-    ImGui::Checkbox("main_loop_wait_for_input", &main_loop_wait_for_input);
+        ImGui::Text("Application average %.3f ms/frame (%.2f FPS)", 1000.0f / io.Framerate, io.Framerate);
-    ImGui::Text("Application average %.3f ms/frame (%.2f FPS)", 1000.0f / io.Framerate, io.Framerate);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Demo Window", &show_demo_window);
-    ImGui::Checkbox("Demo Window", &show_demo_window);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Metrics/Debug Window", &show_metrics_window);
-    ImGui::Checkbox("Metrics/Debug Window", &show_metrics_window);
+        ImGui::End();
-    ImGui::End();
+    }
 
     if (show_demo_window)
         ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&show_demo_window);

src/GUI/MainWindow.hpp

@@ -1,49 +1,43 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <SDL.h>
-#include <SDL_opengl.h>
 #include <imgui.h>
-#include <iostream>
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
-#include <string>
+#include "../common/time.hpp"
-#include "../std.hpp"
-#include "../format.hpp"
-#include "exceptions.hpp"
 
 /// converts hex color to float vector
 #define RGBAHexToF(R8,G8,B8,A8) ImVec4(((u8)35)/255.0f, ((u8)35)/255.0f, ((u8)50)/255.0f, ((u8)255)/255.0f)
 /// converts float vector to hex color
 #define RGBAFToHex(VEC4) {(u8)(VEC4.x*255), (u8)(VEC4.y*255), (u8)(VEC4.z*255), (u8)(VEC4.w*255)}
 
-namespace ougge::GUI {
+namespace ougge::gui {
 
 #define default_font "DroidSans"
 
 class MainWindow {
 public:
-    ImVec4 clear_color = RGBAHexToF(35,35,50,255);
+    i32 fps_max = 60;
     f32 default_font_size = 14.0f;
-    u8 fps_min = 30;
+    ImVec4 clear_color = RGBAHexToF(35,35,50,255);
-    u8 fps_max = 60;
+    SDL_Window* sdl_window = nullptr;
+    SDL_Renderer* sdl_renderer = nullptr;
 
 private:
-    bool loop_running=false;
+    bool show_debug_window = true;
-    bool main_loop_wait_for_input=true;
     bool show_demo_window = false;
     bool show_metrics_window = false;
-    SDL_Window* sdl_window = nullptr;
-    SDL_GLContext gl_context = nullptr;
 
 public:
-    void init(const char* window_title);
+    void open(const std::string& window_title);
-    void startAndWait();
     void close();
-    f32 getDPI();
 
+    /// process io events happened since previous frame
+    void pollEvents(bool* loopRunning);
+    void beginFrame();
+    void endFrame();
+
+    f32 getDPI();
 private:
-    void destroy();
-    void poll_events(u16& frame_updates_requested, bool wait);
-    void draw_frame();
-    void draw_ui();
     void draw_debug_window();
     void draw_bg_window();
 };

src/GUI/exceptions.cpp

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#include "exceptions.hpp"
-#include <SDL.h>
-
-namespace ougge::GUI {
-
-SDLException_::SDLException_(const std::string& _file,const  std::string& _func, int _line_n)
-    : UsefulException_(SDL_GetError(), _file, _func, _line_n)
-{
-    SDL_ClearError();
-}
-
-}

src/GUI/exceptions.hpp

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "../UsefulException.hpp"
-
-namespace ougge::GUI {
-
-#define SDLException() SDLException_(__FILE__, __func__, __LINE__)
-
-class SDLException_ : public UsefulException_ {
-public:
-    SDLException_(const std::string& _file, const std::string& _func, int line_n);
-};
-
-#define SDL_TRY(EXPR) if(EXPR) throw SDLException();
-
-}

src/Game/GameObject.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "GameObject.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Transform& t){
+    s<<"{ position: {x: "<<t.position.x<<", y: "<<t.position.y;
+    s<<"}, rotation: "<<t.rotation;
+    s<<", scale {x: "<<t.scale.x<<", y: "<<t.scale.y<<"} }";
+    return s;
+}
+
+GameObject::GameObject(Mono::Object managed_obj)
+    : object_handle(managed_obj) 
+{}
+
+GameObject::GameObject(GameObject &&o) :
+    object_handle(std::move(o.object_handle)),
+    parent(o.parent),
+    transform(o.transform)
+{
+}
+
+GameObject& GameObject::operator=(GameObject &&o){
+    object_handle = std::move(o.object_handle);
+    parent = o.parent;
+    transform = o.transform;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+}

src/Game/GameObject.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "../common/math.hpp"
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "../mono/mono.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+class GameObject;
+
+struct Transform {
+    Vec2 scale = { 1, 1 };
+    Vec2 position = { 0, 0 };
+    angle_t rotation = 0;
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Transform& t);
+
+
+class GameObject {
+    Mono::ObjectHandle object_handle;
+    GameObject* parent;
+    Transform transform;
+
+public:
+    /// @warning Do not use this to create objects.
+    /// This constructor creates null values for GameObject arrays
+    /// GameObject* array = new GameObject[10];
+    /// array[0] = GameObject(initialized_mono_object_ptr)
+    GameObject() = default;
+    GameObject(Mono::Object managed_obj);
+    GameObject(const GameObject& o) = delete;
+    GameObject(GameObject&& o);
+    
+    GameObject& operator=(GameObject&& o);
+
+    inline Mono::ObjectHandle& getObjectHandle() { return object_handle; }
+    inline GameObject* getParent() { return parent; }
+    inline void setParent(GameObject* p) { parent = p; }
+    inline Transform& getTransform() { return transform; }
+};
+
+}

src/Game/GameObjectPool.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include "GameObjectPool.hpp"
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+GameObjectPool::GameObjectPool(u32 size)
+{
+    useful_assert(size % 64 == 0, "size of GameObjectPool must be a multiple of 64");
+    this->size = size; 
+    first_unused_index = 0;
+    buffer = new GameObject[size];
+    used_indices = new u64[size/64];
+    // std::memset(buffer, 0, size*sizeof(GameObject));
+    std::memset(used_indices, 0, size/8);
+}
+
+GameObjectPool::~GameObjectPool()
+{
+    delete[] buffer;
+    delete[] used_indices;
+}
+
+bool GameObjectPool::isIndexUsed(u32 index)
+{
+    return ( used_indices[index/64] & (u64(1)<<(index%64)) ) != 0;
+}
+
+u32 GameObjectPool::getNearestUnusedIndex(u32 startIndex)
+{
+    if(startIndex >= size)
+        return -1;
+    if(!isIndexUsed(startIndex))
+        return startIndex;
+    
+    u32 i = startIndex/64;
+    // mark previous bits as used
+    u64 u = used_indices[i] | ( (u64(1)<<startIndex%64) -1 );
+    while(u == u64(-1)){
+        i++;
+        if(i == size/64)
+            return -1;
+        u = used_indices[i];
+    }
+    u32 bitpos = std::countr_one(u);
+    if(bitpos == 64)
+        return -1;
+    u32 index = i*64 + bitpos;
+    return index;
+}
+
+u32 GameObjectPool::getNearestUsedIndex(u32 startIndex)
+{
+    if(startIndex >= size)
+        return -1;
+    if(isIndexUsed(startIndex))
+        return startIndex;
+    
+    u32 i = startIndex/64;
+    // mark previous bits as unused
+    u64 u = used_indices[i] & !( (u64(1)<<startIndex%64) -1 );
+    while(u == 0){
+        i++;
+        if(i == size/64)
+            return -1;
+        u = used_indices[i];
+    }
+    u32 bitpos = std::countr_zero(u);
+    if(bitpos == 64)
+        return -1;
+    u32 index = i*64 + bitpos;
+    return index;
+}
+
+GameObject& GameObjectPool::get(u32 index)
+{
+    if(index >= size)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("index %i is out of size %i", index, size));
+    if(!isIndexUsed(index))
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("there is no object at index %i", index));
+    return buffer[index];
+}
+
+std::pair<u32, GameObject&> GameObjectPool::emplace(GameObject&& new_obj)
+{
+    u32 i = first_unused_index;
+    if(i == u32(-1))
+        throw UsefulException("can't put new GameObject to GameObjectPool because it's full");
+    
+    buffer[i] = std::move(new_obj);
+    GameObject& r = buffer[i];
+    used_indices[i/64] |= u64(1)<<(i%64); // mark index bit as used
+    first_unused_index = getNearestUnusedIndex(i+1);
+    return std::pair<u32, GameObject&>(i, r);
+}
+
+void GameObjectPool::erase(u32 index)
+{
+    if(index >= size)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("index %i is out of size %i", index, size));
+    if(!isIndexUsed(index))
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("there is no object at index %i", index));
+    
+    buffer[index] = GameObject();
+    used_indices[index/64] &= ~(u64(1)<<(index%64)); // mark index bit as unused
+    if(index < first_unused_index)
+        first_unused_index = index;
+}
+
+GameObjectPool::iterator::iterator(GameObjectPool* pool, u32 index)
+    : pool(pool), index(index)
+{
+}
+
+std::pair<u32, GameObject&> GameObjectPool::iterator::operator*()
+{
+    if(index >= pool->size)
+        throw UsefulException("can't get value of end() iterator");
+    
+    GameObject& r = pool->buffer[index];
+    return  std::pair<u32, GameObject&>(index, r);
+}
+
+GameObjectPool::iterator& GameObjectPool::iterator::operator++()
+{
+    index = pool->getNearestUsedIndex(index+1);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+}

src/Game/GameObjectPool.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "GameObject.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+/*
+Fixed array that stores deleted elements indices as bits in array of u64.
+Fast emplace, erase and lookup. 
+
+------------------------[construct]------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::GameObjectPool()' took 1.0549 ms
+operation 'other_collections_construct' took 0.0133 ms
+-------------------------[emplace]-------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::emplace' took 8.0557 ms
+operation 'vector::emplace_back' took 11.3735 ms
+operation 'set::emplace' took 80.5633 ms
+operation 'list::emplace_front' took 18.1442 ms
+operation 'forward_list::emplace_front' took 11.5467 ms
+--------------------------[erase]--------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::erase' took 0.2745 ms
+operation 'vector::erase' took 15790.6 ms
+operation 'set::erase' took 1.2697 ms
+operation 'list::erase_after' took 0.93 ms
+operation 'forward_list::erase_after' took 1.1127 ms
+-------------------------[iterate]-------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::iterate' took 1.1166 ms
+operation 'vector::iterate' took 0.8883 ms
+operation 'set::iterate' took 2.8011 ms
+operation 'list::iterate' took 2.0766 ms
+operation 'forward_list::iterate' took 2.0823 ms
+*/
+
+class GameObjectPool {
+    GameObject* buffer;
+    u64* used_indices;
+    u32 size;
+    u32 first_unused_index;
+
+    bool isIndexUsed(u32 index);
+    u32 getNearestUnusedIndex(u32 startIndex);
+    u32 getNearestUsedIndex(u32 startIndex);
+public:
+
+    ///@param size must be a multiple of 64
+    GameObjectPool(u32 size);
+    ~GameObjectPool();
+    GameObject& get(u32 index);
+    std::pair<u32, GameObject&> emplace(GameObject&& new_obj);
+    void erase(u32 index);
+
+    #pragma region iterator class
+    class iterator {
+        GameObjectPool* pool;
+        u32 index = 0;
+    
+    public:
+        iterator(GameObjectPool* pool, u32 index);
+        std::pair<u32, GameObject&> operator*();
+        iterator& operator++();
+        inline bool operator!=(const iterator& o) const { return index != o.index; };
+        inline bool operator==(const iterator& o) const { return index == o.index; };
+    };
+    #pragma endregion
+
+    inline iterator begin() { return iterator(this, 0); }
+    inline iterator end() { return iterator(this, -1); }
+    
+    friend class iterator;
+};
+
+}

src/Mono/Assembly.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "mono.hpp"
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+Assembly::Assembly(MonoAssembly *ptr)
+    : ptr(ptr), image(mono_assembly_get_image(ptr))
+{
+}
+
+MonoClass* Assembly::getClass(const std::string &name_space, const std::string &name){
+    auto c = mono_class_from_name(image, name_space.c_str(), name.c_str());
+    if(!c)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't get class '%s.%s'", name_space.c_str(), name.c_str()));
+    return c;
+}
+
+}

src/Mono/Mono.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "mono.hpp"
+#include <mono/metadata/appdomain.h>
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<SByte>(){ return mono_get_sbyte_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Byte>(){ return mono_get_byte_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Short>(){ return mono_get_int16_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<UShort>(){ return mono_get_uint16_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Int>(){ return mono_get_int32_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<UInt>(){ return mono_get_uint32_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Long>(){ return mono_get_int64_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<ULong>(){ return mono_get_uint64_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Float>(){ return mono_get_single_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Double>(){ return mono_get_double_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Bool>(){ return mono_get_boolean_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Char>(){ return mono_get_char_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<String>(){ return mono_get_string_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Object>(){ return mono_get_object_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Void>(){ return mono_get_void_class(); }
+
+
+void getMethodSignatureTypes(MonoMethod* mono_method,
+        MonoType** return_type,
+        std::vector<MonoType*>& argument_types)
+{
+    auto signature = mono_method_signature(mono_method);
+    void* iter = nullptr;
+    *return_type = mono_signature_get_return_type(signature);
+    MonoType* pt = nullptr;
+    while( (pt = mono_signature_get_params(signature, &iter)) ){
+        argument_types.push_back(pt);
+    }
+}
+
+MonoMethod* tryGetMonoMethod(MonoClass* target_class, const std::string& name,
+        MonoClass* return_class, MonoClass* arg_classes[], size_t arg_classes_size)
+{
+    if(target_class == nullptr)
+        throw UsefulException("target_class is nullptr");
+    
+    // iterate each method
+    void* iter = nullptr;
+    MonoMethod* m = nullptr;
+    std::vector<MonoType*> argument_types;
+    while( (m = mono_class_get_methods(target_class, &iter)) ){
+        // compare name
+        std::string m_name = mono_method_get_name(m);
+        if(m_name != name)
+            continue;
+        
+        argument_types.clear();
+        MonoType* return_type = nullptr;
+        getMethodSignatureTypes(m, &return_type, argument_types);
+        // compare argument count
+        if(argument_types.size() != arg_classes_size)
+            continue;
+        
+        // compare return type
+        if(!mono_metadata_type_equal(return_type, mono_class_get_type(return_class)))
+            continue;
+        
+        // compare argument types
+        bool argument_types_mismatch = false;
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < arg_classes_size; i++){
+            if(!mono_metadata_type_equal(argument_types[i], mono_class_get_type(arg_classes[i]))){
+                argument_types_mismatch = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if(argument_types_mismatch)
+            continue;
+        
+        // passed all tests successfully
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return m;
+}
+
+}

src/Mono/Mono.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "../common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <mono/metadata/class.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/assembly.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/object.h>
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+typedef i8 SByte;
+typedef u8 Byte;
+typedef i16 Short;
+typedef u16 UShort;
+typedef i32 Int;
+typedef u32 UInt;
+typedef i64 Long;
+typedef u64 ULong;
+typedef f32 Float;
+typedef f64 Double;
+typedef union { mono_bool wide_bool; } Bool; //USAGE: Bool t = {true};
+typedef char16_t Char;
+typedef MonoString* String;
+/// @warning MonoObject can be moved in memory by GC in any time and raw pointer will be invalid. 
+/// Use ObjectHandle where it is possible.
+typedef MonoObject* Object;
+typedef void Void;
+
+
+template<typename PrimitiveT>
+MonoClass* getClass(); 
+
+template<typename T>
+void* valueToVoidPtr(T& v){ return &v; }
+template<>
+inline void* valueToVoidPtr<Object>(Object& v){ return v; }
+template<>
+inline void* valueToVoidPtr<String>(String& v){ return v; }
+
+template<typename T>
+T valueFromMonoObject(MonoObject* o){
+    void* result_value_ptr = mono_object_unbox(o);
+    if(result_value_ptr == nullptr)
+        throw UsefulException("can't unbox method value");
+    return *((T*)result_value_ptr);
+}
+template<>
+inline Object valueFromMonoObject<Object>(MonoObject* o){ return o; }
+template<>
+inline String valueFromMonoObject<String>(MonoObject* o){ return (String)((void*)o); }
+
+void getMethodSignatureTypes(MonoMethod* mono_method,
+        MonoType** return_type,
+        std::vector<MonoType*>& argument_types);
+
+/// searches for method `name` in `target_class` with return type `return_class` and argument types `arg_classes`
+/// @return found method or nullptr
+MonoMethod* tryGetMonoMethod(MonoClass* target_class, const std::string& name,
+    MonoClass* return_class, MonoClass* arg_classes[], size_t arg_classes_size);
+
+
+template<typename SignatureT> class Method;
+template<typename ReturnT, typename... ArgTypes>
+class Method<ReturnT(ArgTypes...)>
+{
+    MonoMethod* method_ptr;
+
+public:
+    Method() { method_ptr = nullptr; }
+
+    /// all types must implement getClass<T>()
+    Method(MonoClass* target_class, const std::string& name){
+        static MonoClass* arg_classes[] { getClass<ArgTypes>()... };
+        static MonoClass* return_class { getClass<ReturnT>() };
+        method_ptr = tryGetMonoMethod(target_class, name, return_class, arg_classes, sizeof...(ArgTypes));
+        if(method_ptr == nullptr){
+            throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't get method '%s' from class '%s'",
+                name.c_str(), mono_class_get_name(target_class)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ReturnT not is void
+    template<typename RT = ReturnT>
+    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<RT>::value, RT> operator()(MonoObject* class_instance, ArgTypes... args) const {
+        if(method_ptr == nullptr)
+            throw UsefulException("method_ptr is null");
+        
+        void* arg_array[] = { valueToVoidPtr(args)..., nullptr };
+        MonoObject* ex = nullptr;
+        MonoObject* result = mono_runtime_invoke(method_ptr, class_instance, arg_array, &ex);
+        if(ex){
+            //TODO:  call mono_trace_set_printerr_handler from  mono/mono/utils/mono-logger.h
+            mono_print_unhandled_exception(ex);
+            throw UsefulException("Some C# exception occured");
+        }
+        return valueFromMonoObject<ReturnT>(result);
+    };
+
+    // ReturnT is void
+    template<typename RT = ReturnT>
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_void<RT>::value, RT> operator()(MonoObject* class_instance, ArgTypes... args) const {
+        if(method_ptr == nullptr)
+            throw UsefulException("method_ptr is null");
+        
+        void* arg_array[] = { valueToVoidPtr(args)..., nullptr };
+        MonoObject* ex = nullptr;
+        mono_runtime_invoke(method_ptr, class_instance, arg_array, &ex);
+        if(ex){
+            //TODO:  call mono_trace_set_printerr_handler from  mono/mono/utils/mono-logger.h
+            mono_print_unhandled_exception(ex);
+            throw UsefulException("Some C# exception occured");
+        }
+    };
+};
+
+
+class Assembly {
+    MonoAssembly* ptr;
+    MonoImage* image;
+
+public:
+    Assembly(MonoAssembly* ptr);
+    Assembly(const Assembly&) = delete;
+    
+    MonoClass* getClass(const std::string& name_space, const std::string& name);
+    MonoAssembly* getMonoAssembly() const { return ptr; }
+    MonoImage* getMonoImage() const { return image; }
+};
+
+
+///LINUX: `config.xml`, `mscorelib.dll`, `libmono-native.so` in `mono-libs` directory
+///
+///WINDOWS: `config.xml`, `mscorelib.dll` in `mono-libs` directory
+class RuntimeJIT {
+    MonoDomain* domain;
+public:
+    RuntimeJIT(const std::string& domain_name = "OuggeDomain");
+    RuntimeJIT(const RuntimeJIT&) = delete;
+    ~RuntimeJIT();
+    
+    inline MonoDomain* getDomain() { return domain; }
+    std::shared_ptr<Assembly> loadAssembly(const std::string& name);
+
+    inline Object createObject(MonoClass* klass) { return mono_object_new(domain, klass); }
+    inline String createString(const std::string& v) { return mono_string_new_len(domain, v.c_str(), v.size()); }
+    inline String createString(const char* v) { return mono_string_new(domain, v); }
+};
+
+/// @brief ObjectHandle can be used to store reliable reference to MonoObject.
+/// MonoObject can be moved in memory by GC in any time and raw pointer will be invalid. 
+struct ObjectHandle {
+    u32 gc_handle;
+
+    inline ObjectHandle() : gc_handle(0) {}
+
+    inline ObjectHandle(Object obj) {
+        gc_handle = mono_gchandle_new(obj, false);
+    }
+
+    /// implicitly create new ObjectHandle instead
+    inline ObjectHandle(const ObjectHandle& o) = delete;
+
+    inline ObjectHandle(ObjectHandle&& o) {
+        gc_handle = o.gc_handle;
+        o.gc_handle = 0;
+    }
+
+    inline ObjectHandle& operator=(ObjectHandle&& o) {
+        gc_handle = o.gc_handle;
+        o.gc_handle = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline ~ObjectHandle() {
+        if(gc_handle)
+            mono_gchandle_free(gc_handle);
+    }
+
+    inline Object getObject() const {
+        return mono_gchandle_get_target(gc_handle);
+    }
+};
+
+}

src/Mono/Runtime.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "mono.hpp"
+#include <mono/jit/jit.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/mono-config.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/appdomain.h>
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+RuntimeJIT::RuntimeJIT(const std::string& domain_name){
+    mono_set_dirs("mono-libs", "mono-libs");
+    mono_set_assemblies_path("mono-libs");
+    mono_config_parse("mono-libs/config.xml");
+
+    domain = mono_jit_init(domain_name.c_str());
+    if(!domain)
+        throw UsefulException("can't initialize mono domain");
+}
+
+RuntimeJIT::~RuntimeJIT(){
+    // TODO: fix segfault on cleanup
+    // mono_jit_cleanup(domain);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Assembly> RuntimeJIT::loadAssembly(const std::string &name){
+    MonoAssembly* ptr = mono_domain_assembly_open(domain, name.c_str());
+    if(!ptr)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't load assembly '%s'", name.c_str()));
+    return std::make_shared<Assembly>(ptr);
+}
+
+}

src/Resources/Resources.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "../common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include "resources.hpp"
+#include "embedded_resources.h"
+
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+Resource::Resource(const std::string& path, const std::size_t size, StreamFactoryMethod open_read_steam_func)
+  : path(path), size(size), openStream(open_read_steam_func)
+{}
+
+MemoryStreamBuf::MemoryStreamBuf(void* _p, const std::size_t n){
+    char* p=(char*)_p;
+    setg(p, p, p + n);
+    setp(p, p + n);
+}
+
+std::istream::pos_type MemoryStreamBuf::seekoff(
+    std::istream::off_type off,
+    std::ios_base::seekdir dir,
+    std::ios_base::openmode which)
+{
+    if (dir == std::ios_base::cur)
+        gbump(off);
+    else if (dir == std::ios_base::end)
+        setg(eback(), egptr() + off, egptr());
+    else if (dir == std::ios_base::beg)
+        setg(eback(), eback() + off, egptr());
+    return gptr() - eback();
+}
+
+MemoryStreamRead::MemoryStreamRead(const void* p, const std::size_t n)
+    : std::istream(new MemoryStreamBuf((void*)p, n))
+{}
+
+MemoryStreamRead::~MemoryStreamRead(){
+    delete rdbuf();
+}
+
+static std::unordered_map<std::string, Resource>* _resourceMap = nullptr;
+
+void loadEmbeddedresources(){
+    for(int i = 0; i < EmbeddedResource_table_count; i++){
+        const EmbeddedResource& e = EmbeddedResource_table[i];
+        std::cout <<"loading resource '" << e.path << "' " 
+            << formatSizeHumanReadable(e.size) << std::endl;
+        
+        auto embedded_resource_factory = [e]() -> std::unique_ptr<std::istream> { 
+            return std::make_unique<MemoryStreamRead>(e.data, e.size); 
+        };
+
+        auto r = _resourceMap->emplace(e.path, 
+            Resource(e.path, e.size, embedded_resource_factory));
+        if(!r.second)
+            throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't load duplicate resource '%s'", e.path));
+    }
+}
+
+void init(){
+    if(_resourceMap != nullptr)
+        throw UsefulException("resource has been initialized already");
+    _resourceMap = new std::unordered_map<std::string, Resource>();
+    loadEmbeddedresources();
+}
+
+Resource& getResource(const std::string& path){
+    auto it = _resourceMap->find(path);
+    if(it == _resourceMap->end())
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't find resource '%s'", path.c_str()));
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+std::string formatSizeHumanReadable(std::size_t b){
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss.precision(3);
+    std::size_t k = b / 1024;
+    std::size_t m = k / 1024;
+    std::size_t g = m / 1024;
+    
+    if(g)
+        ss<<m / 1024.0f<<'G';
+    else if(m)
+        ss<<k / 1024.0f<<'M';
+    else if(k)
+        ss<<b / 1024.0f<<'K';
+    else ss<<b;
+
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+}

src/Resources/Resources.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+// call this in main()
+void init();
+
+std::string formatSizeHumanReadable(std::size_t byte_n);
+
+class Resource {
+public:
+    const std::string path;
+    const std::size_t size;
+
+    using StreamFactoryMethod = std::function< std::unique_ptr<std::istream> () >;
+
+    Resource(const std::string& path, const std::size_t size, StreamFactoryMethod open_read_steam_func);
+
+    const StreamFactoryMethod openStream;
+};
+
+class MemoryStreamBuf : public std::streambuf {
+public:
+    MemoryStreamBuf(void* p, const std::size_t n);
+
+    virtual std::istream::pos_type seekoff(
+        std::istream::off_type off,
+        std::ios_base::seekdir dir,
+        std::ios_base::openmode which);
+};
+
+class MemoryStreamRead : public std::istream {
+public:
+    MemoryStreamRead(const void* p, const std::size_t n);
+
+    virtual ~MemoryStreamRead();
+};
+
+Resource& getResource(const std::string& path);
+
+/// @brief stores requested resources in memory
+/// @tparam T must implement constructor `T(const Resource&, ...)`
+template<class T>
+class CacheStorage {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, T> _map;
+
+public:
+    template<typename... TCtorArgs>
+    T& getOrCreate(const std::string& name, TCtorArgs&&... ctor_args){
+        auto it = _map.find(name);
+        if(it != _map.end())
+            return it->second;
+        auto& res = getResource(name);
+        auto e = _map.emplace(name, T(res, ctor_args...));
+        return e.first->second;
+    }
+};
+}

src/Resources/embedded_resources.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//        This file was generated by resource_embedder        //
+//  https://timerix.ddns.net:3322/Timerix/resource_embedder   //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                          USAGE:                            //
+//    Put it in a SOURCE file to define variables             //
+//  #define EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION                      //
+//  #define EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX your_postfix            //
+//  #include "../../src/Resources/embedded_resources.h"       //
+//                                                            //
+//    Put it in a HEADER file to declare external variables   //
+//  #define EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX your_postfix            //
+//  #include "../../src/Resources/embedded_resources.h"       //
+//                                                            //
+//    Then you can access embedded files through              //
+//  EmbeddedResource_table_your_postfix. You can get table    //
+//  content by index and put it into a hashtable or a map.    //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#pragma once
+#if __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+    const char* path;
+    const char* data;
+    size_t size;
+} EmbeddedResource;
+
+#define RSCAT(A,B,C...) A##B##C
+#ifdef EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table(P) \
+        RSCAT(EmbeddedResource_table_, P)
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table_count(P) \
+        RSCAT(EmbeddedResource_table_, P, _count)
+#else
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table(P) \
+        EmbeddedResource_table
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table_count(P) \
+        EmbeddedResource_table_count
+#endif
+extern const EmbeddedResource _EmbeddedResource_table(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX)[];
+extern const int _EmbeddedResource_table_count(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX);
+
+#ifdef EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION
+const EmbeddedResource _EmbeddedResource_table(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX)[]={
+
+};
+
+const int _EmbeddedResource_table_count(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX)=0;
+#endif // EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION
+
+#undef _EmbeddedResource_table
+#undef _EmbeddedResource_table_count
+#undef EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX
+#undef RSCAT
+
+#if __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/Resources/fonts.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include <imgui.h>
+#include "resources.hpp"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+// select all glyphs from font
+static const ImWchar glyph_ranges[] = {
+    0x0020, 0xFFFF, 0
+};
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromFile(const std::string& file_path, f32 font_size, f32 dpi){
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    font_size *= dpi;
+    return io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(file_path.c_str(), font_size, nullptr, glyph_ranges);
+}
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromResource(const std::string& font_name, f32 font_size, f32 dpi){
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    font_size *= dpi;
+    ImFontConfig font_cfg = ImFontConfig();
+    std::sprintf(font_cfg.Name, "%s %ipx", font_name.c_str(), (i32)font_size);
+    
+    auto& res = getResource("fonts/" + font_name + ".ttf");
+    char* font_data = new char[res.size]; 
+    res.openStream()->read(font_data, res.size);
+
+    return io.Fonts->AddFontFromMemoryTTF((void*)(font_data), res.size,
+        font_size, &font_cfg, glyph_ranges);
+}
+
+}

src/Resources/fonts.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromFile(const std::string& file_path, f32 font_size, f32 dpi);
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromResource(const std::string& font_name, f32 font_size, f32 dpi);
+
+}

src/Resources/textures.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "textures.hpp"
+#include <SDL_image.h>
+#include "../gui/gui_exceptions.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+Texture::Texture(const Resource& r, SDL_Renderer* renderer) 
+    : Texture(*r.openStream(), r.size, renderer)
+{}
+
+Texture::Texture(std::istream& s, size_t size, SDL_Renderer* renderer)
+    : renderer(renderer), texture(nullptr), w(0), h(0)
+{
+    SDL_RWops* sdl_stream = SDL_RWFromIStream(s, size);
+    if(!sdl_stream)
+        throw gui::SDLException();
+    texture = std::shared_ptr<SDL_Texture>(IMG_LoadTexture_RW(renderer, sdl_stream, 1), SDL_DestroyTexture);
+    if(!texture)
+        throw gui::IMGException();
+    SDL_TRY(SDL_QueryTexture(texture.get(), nullptr, nullptr, &w, &h));
+}
+
+SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params::SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params()
+    : rotation_angle(0), flip(SDL_FLIP_NONE) 
+{}
+
+void Texture::render(const SDL_FRect& target_section){
+    SDL_TRY(
+        SDL_RenderCopyF(renderer, texture.get(), nullptr, &target_section)
+    );
+}
+
+void Texture::render(const SDL_FRect& target_section, const SDL_Rect& texture_section){
+    SDL_TRY(
+        SDL_RenderCopyF(renderer, texture.get(), &texture_section, &target_section)
+    );
+}
+
+void Texture::render(const SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params& p){
+    SDL_TRY(
+            SDL_RenderCopyExF(renderer, texture.get(),
+            optional_value_ptr_or_null(p.texture_section),
+            optional_value_ptr_or_null(p.target_section),
+            -1.0f * angleToDegree(normalizeAngle(p.rotation_angle)),
+            optional_value_ptr_or_null(p.rotation_center),
+            p.flip
+        )
+    )
+}
+
+static Sint64 istream_size(SDL_RWops* context){
+    return (Sint64)(size_t)context->hidden.unknown.data2;
+}
+
+static Sint64 istream_seek(SDL_RWops* context, Sint64 offset, i32 whence){
+    std::istream* stream = (std::istream*)context->hidden.unknown.data1;
+    switch(whence){
+        case SEEK_SET: stream->seekg(offset, std::ios::beg); break;
+        case SEEK_CUR: stream->seekg(offset, std::ios::cur); break;
+        case SEEK_END: stream->seekg(offset, std::ios::end); break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+    return stream->fail() ? -1 : (Sint64)stream->tellg();
+}
+
+static size_t istream_read(SDL_RWops* context, void *ptr, size_t size, size_t maxnum){
+    if(size == 0)
+        return -1;
+    std::istream* stream = (std::istream*)context->hidden.unknown.data1;
+    stream->read((char*)ptr, size * maxnum);
+
+    return stream->bad() ? -1 : stream->gcount() / size;
+}
+
+static i32 istream_close(SDL_RWops* context){
+    if (context)
+        SDL_FreeRW(context);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+SDL_RWops* SDL_RWFromIStream(std::istream& stream, size_t size){
+    SDL_RWops* rwops = SDL_AllocRW();
+    if(rwops) {
+        rwops->size = istream_size;
+        rwops->seek = istream_seek;
+        rwops->read = istream_read;
+        rwops->write = nullptr;
+        rwops->close = istream_close;
+        rwops->hidden.unknown.data1 = &stream;
+        rwops->hidden.unknown.data2 = (void*)size;
+        rwops->type = SDL_RWOPS_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    return rwops;
+}
+
+}

src/Resources/textures.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <optional>
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include "resources.hpp"
+#include "../common/math.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+#define SDL_RectConstruct(X, Y, W, H) (SDL_Rect){X, Y, W, H}
+#define SDL_FRectConstruct(X, Y, W, H) (SDL_FRect){X, Y, W, H}
+#define SDL_PointConstruct(X, Y) (SDL_Point){X, Y, W, H}
+#define SDL_FPointConstruct(X, Y) (SDL_FPoint){X, Y, W, H}
+
+#define optional_value_ptr_or_null(OPT) (OPT ? &(*OPT) : nullptr)
+
+SDL_RWops* SDL_RWFromIStream(std::istream& stream, size_t size);
+
+struct SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params {
+    std::optional<SDL_Rect> texture_section;
+    std::optional<SDL_FRect> target_section;
+    std::optional<SDL_FPoint> rotation_center;
+    angle_t rotation_angle;
+    SDL_RendererFlip flip;
+    
+    SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params();
+};
+
+struct Texture {
+    SDL_Renderer* renderer;
+    std::shared_ptr<SDL_Texture> texture;
+    i32 w;
+    i32 h;
+
+    Texture(const Resource& r, SDL_Renderer* renderer);
+    Texture(std::istream& s, size_t size, SDL_Renderer* renderer);
+
+    void render(const SDL_FRect& target_section);
+    void render(const SDL_FRect& target_section, const SDL_Rect& texture_section);
+    void render(const SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params& params);
+};
+
+}

src/common/UsefulException.hpp

@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ public:
     virtual char const* what() const noexcept;
 };
 
-#define useful_assert(EXPR, ERRMSG) if(!EXPR) throw UsefulException(ERRMSG);
+#define useful_assert(EXPR, ERRMSG) if(!(EXPR)) throw UsefulException(ERRMSG);

src/common/function_shared_ptr.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include "UsefulException.hpp"
+
+
+template<typename SignatureT> class function_shared_ptr;
+template<typename ReturnT, typename... ArgTypes>
+class function_shared_ptr<ReturnT(ArgTypes...)>
+{
+public:
+    using func_t = std::function<ReturnT(ArgTypes...)>;
+    using ptr_t = std::shared_ptr<func_t>;
+
+protected:
+    ptr_t func_ptr;
+
+public:
+    function_shared_ptr() = default;
+    function_shared_ptr(const function_shared_ptr&) = default;
+    function_shared_ptr(function_shared_ptr&&) = default;
+    function_shared_ptr(const ptr_t& p) : func_ptr(p) { }
+    function_shared_ptr(ptr_t&& p) : func_ptr(p) { }
+    template<typename FunctionT>
+    function_shared_ptr(FunctionT f){ func_ptr = std::make_shared<func_t>(f); }
+
+    function_shared_ptr& operator=(const function_shared_ptr&) = default;
+    function_shared_ptr& operator=(function_shared_ptr&&) = default;
+
+    bool isNull() const { return func_ptr == nullptr; }
+
+    //TODO: make inline
+
+    // ReturnT is not void
+    template<typename RT = ReturnT>
+    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<RT>::value, RT>  operator()(ArgTypes... args){
+        if(func_ptr == nullptr)
+            throw UsefulException("function_shared_ptr is null");
+        return func_ptr->operator()(args...);
+    }
+    
+    // ReturnT is void
+    template<typename RT = ReturnT>
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_void<RT>::value, RT>  operator()(ArgTypes... args){
+        if(func_ptr == nullptr)
+            throw UsefulException("function_shared_ptr is null");
+        func_ptr->operator()(args...);
+    }
+};

src/common/math.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "std.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
+
+#ifndef M_PI
+    #define M_E		2.7182818284590452354
+    #define M_LOG2E		1.4426950408889634074
+    #define M_LOG10E	0.43429448190325182765
+    #define M_LN2		0.69314718055994530942
+    #define M_LN10		2.30258509299404568402
+    #define M_PI		3.14159265358979323846
+    #define M_PI_2		1.57079632679489661923
+    #define M_PI_4		0.78539816339744830962
+    #define M_1_PI		0.31830988618379067154
+    #define M_2_PI		0.63661977236758134308
+    #define M_2_SQRTPI	1.12837916709551257390
+    #define M_SQRT2		1.41421356237309504880
+    #define M_SQRT1_2	0.70710678118654752440
+#endif
+
+struct Vec2 {
+    f32 x = 0, y = 0;
+};
+
+struct Vec3 {
+    f32 x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;
+};
+
+struct Vec4 {
+    f32 x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, w = 0;
+};
+
+/// radians
+typedef f32 angle_t;
+
+static inline angle_t normalizeAngle(angle_t a){
+    return std::fmodf(a + M_PI, 2*M_PI) - M_PI;
+}
+
+static inline f32 angleToDegree(angle_t a){
+    return (a / M_PI) * 180;
+}
+
+static inline angle_t degreeToRadian(f32 d){
+    return (d / 180) * M_PI;
+}

src/common/ougge_format.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-#include <string>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdarg.h>
+#include "ougge_format.hpp"
 #include "UsefulException.hpp"
-#include "std.hpp"
 
-std::string _format(const std::string& format_str, const size_t args_count, ...){
+std::string _ougge_format(const std::string& format_str, const size_t args_count, ...){
     va_list vl;
     va_start(vl, args_count);
     std::stringstream ss;

src/common/ougge_format.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "std.hpp"
+
+std::string _ougge_format(const std::string& format_str, const size_t args_count, ...);
+#define ougge_format(FORMAT_STR, ARGS...) _ougge_format(FORMAT_STR, count_args(ARGS) ,##ARGS)

src/common/std.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
 
 typedef int8_t i8;
 typedef uint8_t u8;

src/common/time.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// posix version definition to use clock_gettime
+#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE 
+    #if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+        #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
+    #else
+        #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#include "time.hpp"
+#include <ctime>
+#include "UsefulException.hpp"
+
+nsec_t getMonotonicTimeNsec(){
+    struct timespec t;
+    if(clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t) != 0)
+        throw UsefulException("clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) error");
+    return (nsec_t)t.tv_sec * 1e9 + (nsec_t)t.tv_nsec;
+}

src/common/time.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "std.hpp"
+
+/// nanoseconds
+typedef i64 nsec_t;
+
+/// can be used to measure delta time
+///@return time from some moment in nanoseconds.
+nsec_t getMonotonicTimeNsec();
+
+#define optime(N, LABEL, CODE) {\
+    nsec_t b = getMonotonicTimeNsec();\
+    for(u32 i = 0; i < (u32)N; i++) {\
+        CODE ;\
+    }\
+    nsec_t e = getMonotonicTimeNsec();\
+    nsec_t t = e-b;\
+    std::cout<<"operation '"<<LABEL<<"' took "<<t/1e6f<<" ms"<<std::endl;\
+}

src/format.hpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include "std.hpp"
-
-std::string _format(const std::string& format_str, const size_t args_count, ...);
-#define format(FORMAT_STR, ARGS...) _format(FORMAT_STR, count_args(ARGS) ,##ARGS)

src/game/GameObject.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "GameObject.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Transform& t){
+    s<<"{ position: {x: "<<t.position.x<<", y: "<<t.position.y;
+    s<<"}, rotation: "<<t.rotation;
+    s<<", scale {x: "<<t.scale.x<<", y: "<<t.scale.y<<"} }";
+    return s;
+}
+
+GameObject::GameObject(Mono::Object managed_obj)
+    : object_handle(managed_obj) 
+{}
+
+GameObject::GameObject(GameObject &&o) :
+    object_handle(std::move(o.object_handle)),
+    parent(o.parent),
+    transform(o.transform)
+{
+}
+
+GameObject& GameObject::operator=(GameObject &&o){
+    object_handle = std::move(o.object_handle);
+    parent = o.parent;
+    transform = o.transform;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+}

src/game/GameObject.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "../common/math.hpp"
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "../mono/mono.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+class GameObject;
+
+struct Transform {
+    Vec2 scale = { 1, 1 };
+    Vec2 position = { 0, 0 };
+    angle_t rotation = 0;
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Transform& t);
+
+
+class GameObject {
+    Mono::ObjectHandle object_handle;
+    GameObject* parent;
+    Transform transform;
+
+public:
+    /// @warning Do not use this to create objects.
+    /// This constructor creates null values for GameObject arrays
+    /// GameObject* array = new GameObject[10];
+    /// array[0] = GameObject(initialized_mono_object_ptr)
+    GameObject() = default;
+    GameObject(Mono::Object managed_obj);
+    GameObject(const GameObject& o) = delete;
+    GameObject(GameObject&& o);
+    
+    GameObject& operator=(GameObject&& o);
+
+    inline Mono::ObjectHandle& getObjectHandle() { return object_handle; }
+    inline GameObject* getParent() { return parent; }
+    inline void setParent(GameObject* p) { parent = p; }
+    inline Transform& getTransform() { return transform; }
+};
+
+}

src/game/GameObjectPool.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include "GameObjectPool.hpp"
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+GameObjectPool::GameObjectPool(u32 size)
+{
+    useful_assert(size % 64 == 0, "size of GameObjectPool must be a multiple of 64");
+    this->size = size; 
+    first_unused_index = 0;
+    buffer = new GameObject[size];
+    used_indices = new u64[size/64];
+    // std::memset(buffer, 0, size*sizeof(GameObject));
+    std::memset(used_indices, 0, size/8);
+}
+
+GameObjectPool::~GameObjectPool()
+{
+    delete[] buffer;
+    delete[] used_indices;
+}
+
+bool GameObjectPool::isIndexUsed(u32 index)
+{
+    return ( used_indices[index/64] & (u64(1)<<(index%64)) ) != 0;
+}
+
+u32 GameObjectPool::getNearestUnusedIndex(u32 startIndex)
+{
+    if(startIndex >= size)
+        return -1;
+    if(!isIndexUsed(startIndex))
+        return startIndex;
+    
+    u32 i = startIndex/64;
+    // mark previous bits as used
+    u64 u = used_indices[i] | ( (u64(1)<<startIndex%64) -1 );
+    while(u == u64(-1)){
+        i++;
+        if(i == size/64)
+            return -1;
+        u = used_indices[i];
+    }
+    u32 bitpos = std::countr_one(u);
+    if(bitpos == 64)
+        return -1;
+    u32 index = i*64 + bitpos;
+    return index;
+}
+
+u32 GameObjectPool::getNearestUsedIndex(u32 startIndex)
+{
+    if(startIndex >= size)
+        return -1;
+    if(isIndexUsed(startIndex))
+        return startIndex;
+    
+    u32 i = startIndex/64;
+    // mark previous bits as unused
+    u64 u = used_indices[i] & !( (u64(1)<<startIndex%64) -1 );
+    while(u == 0){
+        i++;
+        if(i == size/64)
+            return -1;
+        u = used_indices[i];
+    }
+    u32 bitpos = std::countr_zero(u);
+    if(bitpos == 64)
+        return -1;
+    u32 index = i*64 + bitpos;
+    return index;
+}
+
+GameObject& GameObjectPool::get(u32 index)
+{
+    if(index >= size)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("index %i is out of size %i", index, size));
+    if(!isIndexUsed(index))
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("there is no object at index %i", index));
+    return buffer[index];
+}
+
+std::pair<u32, GameObject&> GameObjectPool::emplace(GameObject&& new_obj)
+{
+    u32 i = first_unused_index;
+    if(i == u32(-1))
+        throw UsefulException("can't put new GameObject to GameObjectPool because it's full");
+    
+    buffer[i] = std::move(new_obj);
+    GameObject& r = buffer[i];
+    used_indices[i/64] |= u64(1)<<(i%64); // mark index bit as used
+    first_unused_index = getNearestUnusedIndex(i+1);
+    return std::pair<u32, GameObject&>(i, r);
+}
+
+void GameObjectPool::erase(u32 index)
+{
+    if(index >= size)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("index %i is out of size %i", index, size));
+    if(!isIndexUsed(index))
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("there is no object at index %i", index));
+    
+    buffer[index] = GameObject();
+    used_indices[index/64] &= ~(u64(1)<<(index%64)); // mark index bit as unused
+    if(index < first_unused_index)
+        first_unused_index = index;
+}
+
+GameObjectPool::iterator::iterator(GameObjectPool* pool, u32 index)
+    : pool(pool), index(index)
+{
+}
+
+std::pair<u32, GameObject&> GameObjectPool::iterator::operator*()
+{
+    if(index >= pool->size)
+        throw UsefulException("can't get value of end() iterator");
+    
+    GameObject& r = pool->buffer[index];
+    return  std::pair<u32, GameObject&>(index, r);
+}
+
+GameObjectPool::iterator& GameObjectPool::iterator::operator++()
+{
+    index = pool->getNearestUsedIndex(index+1);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+}

src/game/GameObjectPool.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "GameObject.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::game {
+
+/*
+Fixed array that stores deleted elements indices as bits in array of u64.
+Fast emplace, erase and lookup. 
+
+------------------------[construct]------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::GameObjectPool()' took 1.0549 ms
+operation 'other_collections_construct' took 0.0133 ms
+-------------------------[emplace]-------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::emplace' took 8.0557 ms
+operation 'vector::emplace_back' took 11.3735 ms
+operation 'set::emplace' took 80.5633 ms
+operation 'list::emplace_front' took 18.1442 ms
+operation 'forward_list::emplace_front' took 11.5467 ms
+--------------------------[erase]--------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::erase' took 0.2745 ms
+operation 'vector::erase' took 15790.6 ms
+operation 'set::erase' took 1.2697 ms
+operation 'list::erase_after' took 0.93 ms
+operation 'forward_list::erase_after' took 1.1127 ms
+-------------------------[iterate]-------------------------
+operation 'GameObjectPool::iterate' took 1.1166 ms
+operation 'vector::iterate' took 0.8883 ms
+operation 'set::iterate' took 2.8011 ms
+operation 'list::iterate' took 2.0766 ms
+operation 'forward_list::iterate' took 2.0823 ms
+*/
+
+class GameObjectPool {
+    GameObject* buffer;
+    u64* used_indices;
+    u32 size;
+    u32 first_unused_index;
+
+    bool isIndexUsed(u32 index);
+    u32 getNearestUnusedIndex(u32 startIndex);
+    u32 getNearestUsedIndex(u32 startIndex);
+public:
+
+    ///@param size must be a multiple of 64
+    GameObjectPool(u32 size);
+    ~GameObjectPool();
+    GameObject& get(u32 index);
+    std::pair<u32, GameObject&> emplace(GameObject&& new_obj);
+    void erase(u32 index);
+
+    #pragma region iterator class
+    class iterator {
+        GameObjectPool* pool;
+        u32 index = 0;
+    
+    public:
+        iterator(GameObjectPool* pool, u32 index);
+        std::pair<u32, GameObject&> operator*();
+        iterator& operator++();
+        inline bool operator!=(const iterator& o) const { return index != o.index; };
+        inline bool operator==(const iterator& o) const { return index == o.index; };
+    };
+    #pragma endregion
+
+    inline iterator begin() { return iterator(this, 0); }
+    inline iterator end() { return iterator(this, -1); }
+    
+    friend class iterator;
+};
+
+}

src/gui/ErrorWindow.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "gui.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::gui {
+
+void drawErrorWindow(const std::string& msg, bool* draw_error_window){
+    ImGui::Begin("ERROR", draw_error_window);
+        ImGui::Text("%s", msg.c_str());
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+}

src/gui/MainWindow.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#include <backends/imgui_impl_sdl2.h>
+#include <backends/imgui_impl_sdlrenderer2.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "MainWindow.hpp"
+#include "gui_exceptions.hpp"
+#include "../common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include "../resources/fonts.hpp"
+#include "../resources/textures.hpp"
+#include "../common/math.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::gui {
+
+f32 MainWindow::getDPI(){
+    i32 w=0, h=0;
+    SDL_GetRendererOutputSize(sdl_renderer, &w, &h);
+    i32 sim_w=0, sim_h=0;
+    SDL_GetWindowSize(sdl_window, &sim_w, &sim_h);
+    f32 wdpi=(f32)w / sim_w;
+    f32 hdpi=(f32)h / sim_h;
+    f32 dpi=SDL_sqrtf(wdpi*wdpi + hdpi*hdpi);
+    return dpi;
+}
+
+void MainWindow::open(const std::string& window_title){
+    SDL_TRY(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING));
+    SDL_version v;
+    SDL_GetVersion(&v);
+    std::cout<<ougge_format("SDL version: %u.%u.%u\n", v.major, v.minor, v.patch);
+    
+    // From 2.0.18: Enable native IME.
+#ifdef SDL_HINT_IME_SHOW_UI
+    SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_IME_SHOW_UI, "1");
+#endif
+    
+    SDL_WindowFlags window_flags = (SDL_WindowFlags)(
+        SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE | SDL_WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI
+    );
+    sdl_window = SDL_CreateWindow(window_title.c_str(),
+        SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+        1280, 720, window_flags);
+    if(sdl_window == nullptr)
+        throw SDLException();
+    
+    SDL_RendererFlags renderer_flags = (SDL_RendererFlags)(
+        SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC
+    );
+    sdl_renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(sdl_window, -1, renderer_flags);
+    if(sdl_renderer == nullptr)
+        throw SDLException();
+    
+    SDL_RendererInfo info;
+    SDL_GetRendererInfo(sdl_renderer, &info);
+    std::cout<<"Current SDL_Renderer driver: "<<info.name<<std::endl;
+
+    // Setup Dear ImGui context
+    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+    ImGui::CreateContext();
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard; // Enable Keyboard Controls   
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad;  // Enable Gamepad Controls
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable;     // Enable Docking
+    io.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload = true;
+    io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink = false;
+    // io.ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon = true;
+    io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly = true;
+
+    // Setup Platform/Renderer backends
+    if(!ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForSDLRenderer(sdl_window, sdl_renderer))
+        throw SDLException();
+    if(!ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_Init(sdl_renderer))
+        throw SDLException();
+
+    // Setup Dear ImGui style
+    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+    f32 dpi = getDPI();
+    io.FontDefault = resources::ImFont_LoadFromResource(default_font, default_font_size, dpi);
+}
+
+void MainWindow::close(){
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_Shutdown();
+    ImGui_ImplSDL2_Shutdown();
+    ImGui::DestroyContext();
+    SDL_DestroyRenderer(sdl_renderer);
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window);
+    SDL_Quit();
+}
+
+void MainWindow::pollEvents(bool* loopRunning){
+    SDL_Event event;
+    while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+        ImGui_ImplSDL2_ProcessEvent(&event);
+        switch(event.type){
+            case SDL_QUIT: {
+                *loopRunning = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            case SDL_WINDOWEVENT: {
+                if(event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_CLOSE 
+                    && event.window.windowID == SDL_GetWindowID(sdl_window))
+                {
+                    *loopRunning = false;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void MainWindow::beginFrame(){
+    // Start the Dear ImGui frame
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_NewFrame();
+    ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
+    ImGui::NewFrame();
+
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    SDL_RenderSetScale(sdl_renderer, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.x, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.y);
+    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(sdl_renderer, 
+        (u8)(clear_color.x * 255),
+        (u8)(clear_color.y * 255),
+        (u8)(clear_color.z * 255),
+        (u8)(clear_color.w * 255));
+    SDL_RenderClear(sdl_renderer);
+
+    draw_bg_window();
+    draw_debug_window();
+}
+
+void MainWindow::endFrame(){
+    ImGui::Render();
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer2_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), sdl_renderer);
+    // Swap buffers
+    SDL_RenderPresent(sdl_renderer);
+}
+
+void MainWindow::draw_bg_window(){
+    const ImGuiDockNodeFlags dockspace_flags =
+            ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode;
+    const ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags =
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar |
+        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground;
+    // not dockable window that always bound to viewport
+    ImGuiViewport* viewport = ImGui::GetWindowViewport();
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(viewport->Pos, ImGuiCond_Always);
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(viewport->Size, ImGuiCond_Always);
+    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding, 0.0f);
+    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowBorderSize, 0.0f);
+	ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    ImGui::Begin("bg_window", nullptr, window_flags);
+    ImGui::PopStyleVar(3);
+
+    // DockSpace
+    ImGuiID dockspace_id = ImGui::GetID("bg_dockspace");
+    ImGui::DockSpace(dockspace_id, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), dockspace_flags);
+    
+    // MenuBar
+    if(ImGui::BeginMainMenuBar()){
+        if(ImGui::BeginMenu("test")){
+            if(ImGui::MenuItem("throw exception")){
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+                ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+                ImGui::End();
+                throw UsefulException("example exception");
+            }
+            if(ImGui::MenuItem("throw const char*")){
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+                ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+                ImGui::End();
+                throw "cptr";
+            }
+            if(ImGui::MenuItem("throw std::string")){
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+                ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+                ImGui::End();
+                throw std::string("str");
+            }
+            if(ImGui::MenuItem("throw unknown")){
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+                ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+                ImGui::End();
+                throw 111;
+            }
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+void MainWindow::draw_debug_window(){
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    if(ImGui::Begin("Debug Options", &show_debug_window)){
+        ImGui::ColorEdit3("clear_color", (float*)&clear_color);
+        ImGui::InputInt("fps_max", &fps_max);
+        ImGui::Text("Application average %.3f ms/frame (%.2f FPS)", 1000.0f / io.Framerate, io.Framerate);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Demo Window", &show_demo_window);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Metrics/Debug Window", &show_metrics_window);
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+
+    if (show_demo_window)
+        ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&show_demo_window);
+
+    if (show_metrics_window)
+        ImGui::ShowMetricsWindow(&show_metrics_window);
+}
+
+}

src/gui/MainWindow.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include <imgui.h>
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+#include "../common/time.hpp"
+
+/// converts hex color to float vector
+#define RGBAHexToF(R8,G8,B8,A8) ImVec4(((u8)35)/255.0f, ((u8)35)/255.0f, ((u8)50)/255.0f, ((u8)255)/255.0f)
+/// converts float vector to hex color
+#define RGBAFToHex(VEC4) {(u8)(VEC4.x*255), (u8)(VEC4.y*255), (u8)(VEC4.z*255), (u8)(VEC4.w*255)}
+
+namespace ougge::gui {
+
+#define default_font "DroidSans"
+
+class MainWindow {
+public:
+    i32 fps_max = 60;
+    f32 default_font_size = 14.0f;
+    ImVec4 clear_color = RGBAHexToF(35,35,50,255);
+    SDL_Window* sdl_window = nullptr;
+    SDL_Renderer* sdl_renderer = nullptr;
+
+private:
+    bool show_debug_window = true;
+    bool show_demo_window = false;
+    bool show_metrics_window = false;
+
+public:
+    void open(const std::string& window_title);
+    void close();
+
+    /// process io events happened since previous frame
+    void pollEvents(bool* loopRunning);
+    void beginFrame();
+    void endFrame();
+
+    f32 getDPI();
+private:
+    void draw_debug_window();
+    void draw_bg_window();
+};
+
+}

src/gui/gui.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include <imgui.h>
+#include "gui_exceptions.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::gui {
+
+void drawErrorWindow(const std::string& msg, bool* draw_error_window);
+
+}

src/gui/gui_exceptions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "gui_exceptions.hpp"
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include <SDL_image.h>
+
+namespace ougge::gui {
+
+SDLException_::SDLException_(const std::string& _file,const  std::string& _func, int _line_n)
+    : UsefulException_(std::string("SDLException: ") + SDL_GetError(), _file, _func, _line_n)
+{
+    SDL_ClearError();
+}
+
+#ifndef IMG_ClearError
+    #define IMG_ClearError SDL_ClearError
+#endif
+
+IMGException_::IMGException_(const std::string& _file,const  std::string& _func, int _line_n)
+    : UsefulException_(std::string("IMGException: ") + IMG_GetError(), _file, _func, _line_n)
+{
+    IMG_ClearError();
+}
+
+}

src/gui/gui_exceptions.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::gui {
+
+#define SDLException() SDLException_(__FILE__, __func__, __LINE__)
+
+class SDLException_ : public UsefulException_ {
+public:
+    SDLException_(const std::string& _file, const std::string& _func, int line_n);
+};
+
+
+#define IMGException() IMGException_(__FILE__, __func__, __LINE__)
+
+class IMGException_ : public UsefulException_ {
+public:
+    IMGException_(const std::string& _file, const std::string& _func, int line_n);
+};
+
+
+#define SDL_TRY(EXPR) if(EXPR) throw ::ougge::gui::SDLException();
+
+}

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,18 +1,47 @@
 #define SDL_MAIN_HANDLED
-#include "GUI/MainWindow.hpp"
-#include "std.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include "common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include "Engine.hpp"
+#include "gui/gui.hpp"
 
 using namespace ougge;
 
-int main(int argc, const char** argv){
+void drawTutel(Engine& engine){
-    if(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C.UTF-8")!=0)
+    resources::Texture& tutel = engine.textures.getOrCreate("tutel.png", engine.mainWindow.sdl_renderer);
-        std::cerr<<"\e[93msetlocale failed!\n";
+    resources::SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params params;
+    params.target_section = SDL_FRectConstruct(100, 100, 400, 400);
+    static i32 si = 1;
+    params.rotation_angle = M_PI_4 * (si++ / engine.mainWindow.fps_max);
+    tutel.render(params);
+}
 
+int main(int argc, const char** argv){
     try {
-        GUI::MainWindow w;
+        resources::init();
-        w.init("ougge");
+        std::cout<<"initialized resource loader"<<std::endl;
-        w.startAndWait();
+        
+        Engine engine;
+        std::cout<<"initialized mono jit runtime"<<std::endl;
+        engine.init();
+        std::cout<<"initialized game engine"<<std::endl;
+        
+        game::GameObject& exampleObj = engine.createGameObject();
+        std::string componentClassName = "Ougge.ExampleComponent";
+        if(!engine.tryCreateComponent(exampleObj, componentClassName))
+            throw UsefulException(ougge_format("couldn't create component '%s'", componentClassName.c_str()));
+        
+        std::cout<<"created ExampleObject"<<std::endl;
+        
+        engine.updateCallback = [&engine](f64 deltaTime) -> void {
+            drawTutel(engine);
+        };
+        
+        engine.openMainWindow("ougge");
+        std::cout<<"created sdl window"<<std::endl;
+        engine.startLoop();
+        std::cout<<"sdl window has been cosed"<<std::endl;
     }
     catch(const std::exception& e){
         std::cerr<<"Catched exception: "<<e.what()<<std::endl;

src/mono/Assembly.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "mono.hpp"
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+Assembly::Assembly(MonoAssembly *ptr)
+    : ptr(ptr), image(mono_assembly_get_image(ptr))
+{
+}
+
+MonoClass* Assembly::getClass(const std::string &name_space, const std::string &name){
+    auto c = mono_class_from_name(image, name_space.c_str(), name.c_str());
+    if(!c)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't get class '%s.%s'", name_space.c_str(), name.c_str()));
+    return c;
+}
+
+}

src/mono/Runtime.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "mono.hpp"
+#include <mono/jit/jit.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/mono-config.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/appdomain.h>
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+RuntimeJIT::RuntimeJIT(const std::string& domain_name){
+    mono_set_dirs("mono-libs", "mono-libs");
+    mono_set_assemblies_path("mono-libs");
+    mono_config_parse("mono-libs/config.xml");
+
+    domain = mono_jit_init(domain_name.c_str());
+    if(!domain)
+        throw UsefulException("can't initialize mono domain");
+}
+
+RuntimeJIT::~RuntimeJIT(){
+    // TODO: fix segfault on cleanup
+    // mono_jit_cleanup(domain);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Assembly> RuntimeJIT::loadAssembly(const std::string &name){
+    MonoAssembly* ptr = mono_domain_assembly_open(domain, name.c_str());
+    if(!ptr)
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't load assembly '%s'", name.c_str()));
+    return std::make_shared<Assembly>(ptr);
+}
+
+}

src/mono/mono.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "mono.hpp"
+#include <mono/metadata/appdomain.h>
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<SByte>(){ return mono_get_sbyte_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Byte>(){ return mono_get_byte_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Short>(){ return mono_get_int16_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<UShort>(){ return mono_get_uint16_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Int>(){ return mono_get_int32_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<UInt>(){ return mono_get_uint32_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Long>(){ return mono_get_int64_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<ULong>(){ return mono_get_uint64_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Float>(){ return mono_get_single_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Double>(){ return mono_get_double_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Bool>(){ return mono_get_boolean_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Char>(){ return mono_get_char_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<String>(){ return mono_get_string_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Object>(){ return mono_get_object_class(); }
+template <> MonoClass* getClass<Void>(){ return mono_get_void_class(); }
+
+
+void getMethodSignatureTypes(MonoMethod* mono_method,
+        MonoType** return_type,
+        std::vector<MonoType*>& argument_types)
+{
+    auto signature = mono_method_signature(mono_method);
+    void* iter = nullptr;
+    *return_type = mono_signature_get_return_type(signature);
+    MonoType* pt = nullptr;
+    while( (pt = mono_signature_get_params(signature, &iter)) ){
+        argument_types.push_back(pt);
+    }
+}
+
+MonoMethod* tryGetMonoMethod(MonoClass* target_class, const std::string& name,
+        MonoClass* return_class, MonoClass* arg_classes[], size_t arg_classes_size)
+{
+    if(target_class == nullptr)
+        throw UsefulException("target_class is nullptr");
+    
+    // iterate each method
+    void* iter = nullptr;
+    MonoMethod* m = nullptr;
+    std::vector<MonoType*> argument_types;
+    while( (m = mono_class_get_methods(target_class, &iter)) ){
+        // compare name
+        std::string m_name = mono_method_get_name(m);
+        if(m_name != name)
+            continue;
+        
+        argument_types.clear();
+        MonoType* return_type = nullptr;
+        getMethodSignatureTypes(m, &return_type, argument_types);
+        // compare argument count
+        if(argument_types.size() != arg_classes_size)
+            continue;
+        
+        // compare return type
+        if(!mono_metadata_type_equal(return_type, mono_class_get_type(return_class)))
+            continue;
+        
+        // compare argument types
+        bool argument_types_mismatch = false;
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < arg_classes_size; i++){
+            if(!mono_metadata_type_equal(argument_types[i], mono_class_get_type(arg_classes[i]))){
+                argument_types_mismatch = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if(argument_types_mismatch)
+            continue;
+        
+        // passed all tests successfully
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return m;
+}
+
+}

src/mono/mono.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "../common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <mono/metadata/class.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/assembly.h>
+#include <mono/metadata/object.h>
+
+namespace Mono {
+
+typedef i8 SByte;
+typedef u8 Byte;
+typedef i16 Short;
+typedef u16 UShort;
+typedef i32 Int;
+typedef u32 UInt;
+typedef i64 Long;
+typedef u64 ULong;
+typedef f32 Float;
+typedef f64 Double;
+typedef union { mono_bool wide_bool; } Bool; //USAGE: Bool t = {true};
+typedef char16_t Char;
+typedef MonoString* String;
+/// @warning MonoObject can be moved in memory by GC in any time and raw pointer will be invalid. 
+/// Use ObjectHandle where it is possible.
+typedef MonoObject* Object;
+typedef void Void;
+
+
+template<typename PrimitiveT>
+MonoClass* getClass(); 
+
+template<typename T>
+void* valueToVoidPtr(T& v){ return &v; }
+template<>
+inline void* valueToVoidPtr<Object>(Object& v){ return v; }
+template<>
+inline void* valueToVoidPtr<String>(String& v){ return v; }
+
+template<typename T>
+T valueFromMonoObject(MonoObject* o){
+    void* result_value_ptr = mono_object_unbox(o);
+    if(result_value_ptr == nullptr)
+        throw UsefulException("can't unbox method value");
+    return *((T*)result_value_ptr);
+}
+template<>
+inline Object valueFromMonoObject<Object>(MonoObject* o){ return o; }
+template<>
+inline String valueFromMonoObject<String>(MonoObject* o){ return (String)((void*)o); }
+
+void getMethodSignatureTypes(MonoMethod* mono_method,
+        MonoType** return_type,
+        std::vector<MonoType*>& argument_types);
+
+/// searches for method `name` in `target_class` with return type `return_class` and argument types `arg_classes`
+/// @return found method or nullptr
+MonoMethod* tryGetMonoMethod(MonoClass* target_class, const std::string& name,
+    MonoClass* return_class, MonoClass* arg_classes[], size_t arg_classes_size);
+
+
+template<typename SignatureT> class Method;
+template<typename ReturnT, typename... ArgTypes>
+class Method<ReturnT(ArgTypes...)>
+{
+    MonoMethod* method_ptr;
+
+public:
+    Method() { method_ptr = nullptr; }
+
+    /// all types must implement getClass<T>()
+    Method(MonoClass* target_class, const std::string& name){
+        static MonoClass* arg_classes[] { getClass<ArgTypes>()... };
+        static MonoClass* return_class { getClass<ReturnT>() };
+        method_ptr = tryGetMonoMethod(target_class, name, return_class, arg_classes, sizeof...(ArgTypes));
+        if(method_ptr == nullptr){
+            throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't get method '%s' from class '%s'",
+                name.c_str(), mono_class_get_name(target_class)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ReturnT not is void
+    template<typename RT = ReturnT>
+    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<RT>::value, RT> operator()(MonoObject* class_instance, ArgTypes... args) const {
+        if(method_ptr == nullptr)
+            throw UsefulException("method_ptr is null");
+        
+        void* arg_array[] = { valueToVoidPtr(args)..., nullptr };
+        MonoObject* ex = nullptr;
+        MonoObject* result = mono_runtime_invoke(method_ptr, class_instance, arg_array, &ex);
+        if(ex){
+            //TODO:  call mono_trace_set_printerr_handler from  mono/mono/utils/mono-logger.h
+            mono_print_unhandled_exception(ex);
+            throw UsefulException("Some C# exception occured");
+        }
+        return valueFromMonoObject<ReturnT>(result);
+    };
+
+    // ReturnT is void
+    template<typename RT = ReturnT>
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_void<RT>::value, RT> operator()(MonoObject* class_instance, ArgTypes... args) const {
+        if(method_ptr == nullptr)
+            throw UsefulException("method_ptr is null");
+        
+        void* arg_array[] = { valueToVoidPtr(args)..., nullptr };
+        MonoObject* ex = nullptr;
+        mono_runtime_invoke(method_ptr, class_instance, arg_array, &ex);
+        if(ex){
+            //TODO:  call mono_trace_set_printerr_handler from  mono/mono/utils/mono-logger.h
+            mono_print_unhandled_exception(ex);
+            throw UsefulException("Some C# exception occured");
+        }
+    };
+};
+
+
+class Assembly {
+    MonoAssembly* ptr;
+    MonoImage* image;
+
+public:
+    Assembly(MonoAssembly* ptr);
+    Assembly(const Assembly&) = delete;
+    
+    MonoClass* getClass(const std::string& name_space, const std::string& name);
+    MonoAssembly* getMonoAssembly() const { return ptr; }
+    MonoImage* getMonoImage() const { return image; }
+};
+
+
+///LINUX: `config.xml`, `mscorelib.dll`, `libmono-native.so` in `mono-libs` directory
+///
+///WINDOWS: `config.xml`, `mscorelib.dll` in `mono-libs` directory
+class RuntimeJIT {
+    MonoDomain* domain;
+public:
+    RuntimeJIT(const std::string& domain_name = "OuggeDomain");
+    RuntimeJIT(const RuntimeJIT&) = delete;
+    ~RuntimeJIT();
+    
+    inline MonoDomain* getDomain() { return domain; }
+    std::shared_ptr<Assembly> loadAssembly(const std::string& name);
+
+    inline Object createObject(MonoClass* klass) { return mono_object_new(domain, klass); }
+    inline String createString(const std::string& v) { return mono_string_new_len(domain, v.c_str(), v.size()); }
+    inline String createString(const char* v) { return mono_string_new(domain, v); }
+};
+
+/// @brief ObjectHandle can be used to store reliable reference to MonoObject.
+/// MonoObject can be moved in memory by GC in any time and raw pointer will be invalid. 
+struct ObjectHandle {
+    u32 gc_handle;
+
+    inline ObjectHandle() : gc_handle(0) {}
+
+    inline ObjectHandle(Object obj) {
+        gc_handle = mono_gchandle_new(obj, false);
+    }
+
+    /// implicitly create new ObjectHandle instead
+    inline ObjectHandle(const ObjectHandle& o) = delete;
+
+    inline ObjectHandle(ObjectHandle&& o) {
+        gc_handle = o.gc_handle;
+        o.gc_handle = 0;
+    }
+
+    inline ObjectHandle& operator=(ObjectHandle&& o) {
+        gc_handle = o.gc_handle;
+        o.gc_handle = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline ~ObjectHandle() {
+        if(gc_handle)
+            mono_gchandle_free(gc_handle);
+    }
+
+    inline Object getObject() const {
+        return mono_gchandle_get_target(gc_handle);
+    }
+};
+
+}

src/resources/embedded_resources.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//        This file was generated by resource_embedder        //
+//  https://timerix.ddns.net:3322/Timerix/resource_embedder   //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                          USAGE:                            //
+//    Put it in a SOURCE file to define variables             //
+//  #define EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION                      //
+//  #define EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX your_postfix            //
+//  #include "../../src/Resources/embedded_resources.h"       //
+//                                                            //
+//    Put it in a HEADER file to declare external variables   //
+//  #define EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX your_postfix            //
+//  #include "../../src/Resources/embedded_resources.h"       //
+//                                                            //
+//    Then you can access embedded files through              //
+//  EmbeddedResource_table_your_postfix. You can get table    //
+//  content by index and put it into a hashtable or a map.    //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#pragma once
+#if __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+    const char* path;
+    const char* data;
+    size_t size;
+} EmbeddedResource;
+
+#define RSCAT(A,B,C...) A##B##C
+#ifdef EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table(P) \
+        RSCAT(EmbeddedResource_table_, P)
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table_count(P) \
+        RSCAT(EmbeddedResource_table_, P, _count)
+#else
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table(P) \
+        EmbeddedResource_table
+    #define _EmbeddedResource_table_count(P) \
+        EmbeddedResource_table_count
+#endif
+extern const EmbeddedResource _EmbeddedResource_table(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX)[];
+extern const int _EmbeddedResource_table_count(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX);
+
+#ifdef EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION
+const EmbeddedResource _EmbeddedResource_table(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX)[]={
+
+};
+
+const int _EmbeddedResource_table_count(EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX)=0;
+#endif // EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_DEFINITION
+
+#undef _EmbeddedResource_table
+#undef _EmbeddedResource_table_count
+#undef EMBEDDED_RESOURCE_POSTFIX
+#undef RSCAT
+
+#if __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/resources/fonts.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include <imgui.h>
+#include "resources.hpp"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+// select all glyphs from font
+static const ImWchar glyph_ranges[] = {
+    0x0020, 0xFFFF, 0
+};
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromFile(const std::string& file_path, f32 font_size, f32 dpi){
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    font_size *= dpi;
+    return io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(file_path.c_str(), font_size, nullptr, glyph_ranges);
+}
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromResource(const std::string& font_name, f32 font_size, f32 dpi){
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    font_size *= dpi;
+    ImFontConfig font_cfg = ImFontConfig();
+    std::sprintf(font_cfg.Name, "%s %ipx", font_name.c_str(), (i32)font_size);
+    
+    auto& res = getResource("fonts/" + font_name + ".ttf");
+    char* font_data = new char[res.size]; 
+    res.openStream()->read(font_data, res.size);
+
+    return io.Fonts->AddFontFromMemoryTTF((void*)(font_data), res.size,
+        font_size, &font_cfg, glyph_ranges);
+}
+
+}

src/resources/fonts.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromFile(const std::string& file_path, f32 font_size, f32 dpi);
+
+ImFont* ImFont_LoadFromResource(const std::string& font_name, f32 font_size, f32 dpi);
+
+}

src/resources/resources.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "../common/UsefulException.hpp"
+#include "../common/ougge_format.hpp"
+#include "resources.hpp"
+#include "embedded_resources.h"
+
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+Resource::Resource(const std::string& path, const std::size_t size, StreamFactoryMethod open_read_steam_func)
+  : path(path), size(size), openStream(open_read_steam_func)
+{}
+
+MemoryStreamBuf::MemoryStreamBuf(void* _p, const std::size_t n){
+    char* p=(char*)_p;
+    setg(p, p, p + n);
+    setp(p, p + n);
+}
+
+std::istream::pos_type MemoryStreamBuf::seekoff(
+    std::istream::off_type off,
+    std::ios_base::seekdir dir,
+    std::ios_base::openmode which)
+{
+    if (dir == std::ios_base::cur)
+        gbump(off);
+    else if (dir == std::ios_base::end)
+        setg(eback(), egptr() + off, egptr());
+    else if (dir == std::ios_base::beg)
+        setg(eback(), eback() + off, egptr());
+    return gptr() - eback();
+}
+
+MemoryStreamRead::MemoryStreamRead(const void* p, const std::size_t n)
+    : std::istream(new MemoryStreamBuf((void*)p, n))
+{}
+
+MemoryStreamRead::~MemoryStreamRead(){
+    delete rdbuf();
+}
+
+static std::unordered_map<std::string, Resource>* _resourceMap = nullptr;
+
+void loadEmbeddedresources(){
+    for(int i = 0; i < EmbeddedResource_table_count; i++){
+        const EmbeddedResource& e = EmbeddedResource_table[i];
+        std::cout <<"loading resource '" << e.path << "' " 
+            << formatSizeHumanReadable(e.size) << std::endl;
+        
+        auto embedded_resource_factory = [e]() -> std::unique_ptr<std::istream> { 
+            return std::make_unique<MemoryStreamRead>(e.data, e.size); 
+        };
+
+        auto r = _resourceMap->emplace(e.path, 
+            Resource(e.path, e.size, embedded_resource_factory));
+        if(!r.second)
+            throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't load duplicate resource '%s'", e.path));
+    }
+}
+
+void init(){
+    if(_resourceMap != nullptr)
+        throw UsefulException("resource has been initialized already");
+    _resourceMap = new std::unordered_map<std::string, Resource>();
+    loadEmbeddedresources();
+}
+
+Resource& getResource(const std::string& path){
+    auto it = _resourceMap->find(path);
+    if(it == _resourceMap->end())
+        throw UsefulException(ougge_format("can't find resource '%s'", path.c_str()));
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+std::string formatSizeHumanReadable(std::size_t b){
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss.precision(3);
+    std::size_t k = b / 1024;
+    std::size_t m = k / 1024;
+    std::size_t g = m / 1024;
+    
+    if(g)
+        ss<<m / 1024.0f<<'G';
+    else if(m)
+        ss<<k / 1024.0f<<'M';
+    else if(k)
+        ss<<b / 1024.0f<<'K';
+    else ss<<b;
+
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+}

src/resources/resources.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../common/std.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+// call this in main()
+void init();
+
+std::string formatSizeHumanReadable(std::size_t byte_n);
+
+class Resource {
+public:
+    const std::string path;
+    const std::size_t size;
+
+    using StreamFactoryMethod = std::function< std::unique_ptr<std::istream> () >;
+
+    Resource(const std::string& path, const std::size_t size, StreamFactoryMethod open_read_steam_func);
+
+    const StreamFactoryMethod openStream;
+};
+
+class MemoryStreamBuf : public std::streambuf {
+public:
+    MemoryStreamBuf(void* p, const std::size_t n);
+
+    virtual std::istream::pos_type seekoff(
+        std::istream::off_type off,
+        std::ios_base::seekdir dir,
+        std::ios_base::openmode which);
+};
+
+class MemoryStreamRead : public std::istream {
+public:
+    MemoryStreamRead(const void* p, const std::size_t n);
+
+    virtual ~MemoryStreamRead();
+};
+
+Resource& getResource(const std::string& path);
+
+/// @brief stores requested resources in memory
+/// @tparam T must implement constructor `T(const Resource&, ...)`
+template<class T>
+class CacheStorage {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, T> _map;
+
+public:
+    template<typename... TCtorArgs>
+    T& getOrCreate(const std::string& name, TCtorArgs&&... ctor_args){
+        auto it = _map.find(name);
+        if(it != _map.end())
+            return it->second;
+        auto& res = getResource(name);
+        auto e = _map.emplace(name, T(res, ctor_args...));
+        return e.first->second;
+    }
+};
+}

src/resources/textures.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "textures.hpp"
+#include <SDL_image.h>
+#include "../gui/gui_exceptions.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+Texture::Texture(const Resource& r, SDL_Renderer* renderer) 
+    : Texture(*r.openStream(), r.size, renderer)
+{}
+
+Texture::Texture(std::istream& s, size_t size, SDL_Renderer* renderer)
+    : renderer(renderer), texture(nullptr), w(0), h(0)
+{
+    SDL_RWops* sdl_stream = SDL_RWFromIStream(s, size);
+    if(!sdl_stream)
+        throw gui::SDLException();
+    texture = std::shared_ptr<SDL_Texture>(IMG_LoadTexture_RW(renderer, sdl_stream, 1), SDL_DestroyTexture);
+    if(!texture)
+        throw gui::IMGException();
+    SDL_TRY(SDL_QueryTexture(texture.get(), nullptr, nullptr, &w, &h));
+}
+
+SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params::SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params()
+    : rotation_angle(0), flip(SDL_FLIP_NONE) 
+{}
+
+void Texture::render(const SDL_FRect& target_section){
+    SDL_TRY(
+        SDL_RenderCopyF(renderer, texture.get(), nullptr, &target_section)
+    );
+}
+
+void Texture::render(const SDL_FRect& target_section, const SDL_Rect& texture_section){
+    SDL_TRY(
+        SDL_RenderCopyF(renderer, texture.get(), &texture_section, &target_section)
+    );
+}
+
+void Texture::render(const SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params& p){
+    SDL_TRY(
+            SDL_RenderCopyExF(renderer, texture.get(),
+            optional_value_ptr_or_null(p.texture_section),
+            optional_value_ptr_or_null(p.target_section),
+            -1.0f * angleToDegree(normalizeAngle(p.rotation_angle)),
+            optional_value_ptr_or_null(p.rotation_center),
+            p.flip
+        )
+    )
+}
+
+static Sint64 istream_size(SDL_RWops* context){
+    return (Sint64)(size_t)context->hidden.unknown.data2;
+}
+
+static Sint64 istream_seek(SDL_RWops* context, Sint64 offset, i32 whence){
+    std::istream* stream = (std::istream*)context->hidden.unknown.data1;
+    switch(whence){
+        case SEEK_SET: stream->seekg(offset, std::ios::beg); break;
+        case SEEK_CUR: stream->seekg(offset, std::ios::cur); break;
+        case SEEK_END: stream->seekg(offset, std::ios::end); break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+    return stream->fail() ? -1 : (Sint64)stream->tellg();
+}
+
+static size_t istream_read(SDL_RWops* context, void *ptr, size_t size, size_t maxnum){
+    if(size == 0)
+        return -1;
+    std::istream* stream = (std::istream*)context->hidden.unknown.data1;
+    stream->read((char*)ptr, size * maxnum);
+
+    return stream->bad() ? -1 : stream->gcount() / size;
+}
+
+static i32 istream_close(SDL_RWops* context){
+    if (context)
+        SDL_FreeRW(context);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+SDL_RWops* SDL_RWFromIStream(std::istream& stream, size_t size){
+    SDL_RWops* rwops = SDL_AllocRW();
+    if(rwops) {
+        rwops->size = istream_size;
+        rwops->seek = istream_seek;
+        rwops->read = istream_read;
+        rwops->write = nullptr;
+        rwops->close = istream_close;
+        rwops->hidden.unknown.data1 = &stream;
+        rwops->hidden.unknown.data2 = (void*)size;
+        rwops->type = SDL_RWOPS_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    return rwops;
+}
+
+}

src/resources/textures.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <optional>
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include "resources.hpp"
+#include "../common/math.hpp"
+
+namespace ougge::resources {
+
+#define SDL_RectConstruct(X, Y, W, H) (SDL_Rect){X, Y, W, H}
+#define SDL_FRectConstruct(X, Y, W, H) (SDL_FRect){X, Y, W, H}
+#define SDL_PointConstruct(X, Y) (SDL_Point){X, Y, W, H}
+#define SDL_FPointConstruct(X, Y) (SDL_FPoint){X, Y, W, H}
+
+#define optional_value_ptr_or_null(OPT) (OPT ? &(*OPT) : nullptr)
+
+SDL_RWops* SDL_RWFromIStream(std::istream& stream, size_t size);
+
+struct SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params {
+    std::optional<SDL_Rect> texture_section;
+    std::optional<SDL_FRect> target_section;
+    std::optional<SDL_FPoint> rotation_center;
+    angle_t rotation_angle;
+    SDL_RendererFlip flip;
+    
+    SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params();
+};
+
+struct Texture {
+    SDL_Renderer* renderer;
+    std::shared_ptr<SDL_Texture> texture;
+    i32 w;
+    i32 h;
+
+    Texture(const Resource& r, SDL_Renderer* renderer);
+    Texture(std::istream& s, size_t size, SDL_Renderer* renderer);
+
+    void render(const SDL_FRect& target_section);
+    void render(const SDL_FRect& target_section, const SDL_Rect& texture_section);
+    void render(const SDL_RenderCopyExF_Params& params);
+};
+
+}

tasks/clean_additions.sh

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-try_delete_dir_or_file src/generated

tasks/download_mono_from_nuget.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+package_version="$TASK_ARGS"
+if [ -z "$package_version" ]; then
+    package_version="8.0.15"
+    myprint "${YELLOW}You can choose package version manually: cbuild get_mono_files_from=x.y.z"
+fi
+myprint "${BLUE}package_version: ${CYAN}$package_version"
+
+case "$OS" in
+    LINUX)
+        package_platform="linux-$ARCH"
+        ;;
+    WINDOWS)
+        package_platform="win-$ARCH"
+        ;;
+esac
+
+package_name="Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.$package_platform"
+package_dir="$package_name.$package_version"
+package_file="$package_name.$package_version.nupkg"
+package_url="https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/$package_name/$package_version"
+
+mkdir -p "$OBJDIR/downloads"
+myprint "${BLUE}downloading nuget package: ${WHITE}$package_name ${BLUE}to $OBJDIR/downloads"
+cd "$OBJDIR/downloads"
+wget -q $package_url -O $package_file
+clean_dir $package_dir
+cd $package_dir
+
+myprint "${BLUE}extracting nuget package"
+unzip -oq "../$package_file"
+
+# copy headers
+myprint "${BLUE}copying headers"
+mkdir -p "../../../dependencies/include"
+delete_dir "../../../dependencies/include/mono"
+cp -r "runtimes/$package_platform/native/include/mono-2.0/mono" "../../../dependencies/include/"
+
+precompiled_dir="../../../dependencies/precompiled/$OS-$ARCH"
+mkdir -p "$precompiled_dir"
+clean_dir "$precompiled_dir/mono-libs"
+
+# copy mono native libraries
+myprint "${BLUE}copying mono native libraries"
+shared_libs=$(find "runtimes/$package_platform/native" -maxdepth 1 \( -not -name "System.Private.CoreLib.dll" -a \( -name '*.so*' -o  -name '*.dll' \) \) -type f)
+if [ -z "$shared_libs" ]; then
+    error "can't find mono shared libraries"
+fi
+for l in $shared_libs ; do
+    cp -v "$l" "$precompiled_dir"
+done
+
+# copy mono c# libraries
+myprint "${BLUE}copying mono managed libraries"
+managed_libraries="runtimes/$package_platform/native/System.Private.CoreLib.dll"
+
+_subdirs=(runtimes/$package_platform/lib/*)
+_managed_lib_dir="${_subdirs[0]}"
+for l in $(find $_managed_lib_dir -type f); do
+    managed_libraries+=" $l"
+done
+
+for l in $managed_libraries; do
+    cp -v "$l" "$precompiled_dir/mono-libs"
+done
+
+myprint "${GREEN}mono files have been copied successfully!"
+cd ../../..
+clean_dir "$OBJDIR/downloads"