first commit

This commit is contained in:
Timerix 2024-11-15 09:03:18 +05:00
commit 38d62ba8d7
19 changed files with 772 additions and 0 deletions

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.gitignore vendored Normal file
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# build results
bin/
obj/
# IDE files
.vs/
.vshistory/
.editorconfig
*.user
*.vcxproj.filters
# other files
.old*/
old/
tmp/
temp/
*.tmp
*.temp
logs/
log/
*.log

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.vscode/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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settings.json

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.vscode/launch.json vendored Normal file
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{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Debug",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/tali",
"windows": { "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/tali.exe" },
"args": [ "--image", "image.bin" ],
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/bin",
"preLaunchTask": "build_exec_dbg",
"stopAtEntry": false,
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"miDebuggerPath": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
},
{
"text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
]
}
]
}

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.vscode/tasks.json vendored Normal file
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{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "build_exec_dbg",
"detail": "build project with debug symbols",
"type": "cppbuild",
"command": "bash",
"args": [
"-c",
"cbuild build_exec_dbg"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
},
"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
"group": {
"kind": "build"
},
"presentation": {
"echo": true,
"reveal": "always",
"focus": true,
"panel": "shared",
"showReuseMessage": false,
"clear": true
}
}
]
}

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README.md Normal file
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# TALI
Assembly language interpreter written in pure C. Can execute programs up to 1 MEGABYTE (1048576 bytes) in size!!!
## Building
1. Install [cbuild](https://timerix.ddns.net:3322/Timerix/cbuild.git)
2. ```sh
cbuild build_exec_dbg
```
## Assembly language
### Instructions
| code | name | arguments | details |
|------|------|-----------|---------|
| 00 | NOP | | ignored instruction |
| 01 | PUSH | `dst_register`, `value_size(bytes)`, `value` | push constant value into `dst_register` |
| 02 | MOV | `dst_register`, `src_register` | copy value from `src_register` to `dst_register`
| 03 | ADD | `dst_register`, `src_register` | `dst` += `src` |
| 04 | SUB | `dst_register`, `src_register` | `dst` -= `src` |
| 05 | MUL | `dst_register`, `src_register` | `dst` *= `src` |
| 06 | DIV | `dst_register`, `src_register` | `dst` /= `src` |
| 07 | MOD | `dst_register`, `src_register` | `dst` %= `src` |
| 08 | SYS | | call system function |
| 09 | EXIT | | stop the program with exit code in `ax` |
### Registers
| code | name | size (bits) |
|------|------|-------------|
| 00 | ax | 32 |
| 01 | bx | 32 |
| 02 | cx | 32 |
| 03 | dx | 32 |
### System functions
To call a system function you need to push values to registers and write `SYS` opcode. The return value of a function will will be avaliable in `ax` after call.
| `ax` | name | `bx` | `cx` | `dx` | details |
|-----------|------|----|----|----|---------|
| 0 | read | file number | buffer pointer | buffer size | read data from file |
| 1 | write | file number | buffer pointer | buffer size | write data to file |

187
project.config Executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
CBUILD_VERSION=2.1.4
CONFIG_VERSION=1
PROJECT="tali"
CMP_C="gcc"
CMP_CPP="g++"
STD_C="c11"
STD_CPP="c++11"
WARN_C="-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter"
WARN_CPP="-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter"
SRC_C="$(find src -name '*.c')"
SRC_CPP="$(find src -name '*.cpp')"
# Directory with dependency configs.
# See cbuild/example_dependency_configs
DEPENDENCY_CONFIGS_DIR='.'
# List of dependency config files in DEPENDENCY_CONFIGS_DIR separated by space.
ENABLED_DEPENDENCIES=''
# OBJDIR structure:
# ├── objects/ - Compiled object files. Cleans on each call of build task
# ├── static_libs/ - Symbolic links to static libraries used by linker. Cleans on each call of build task.
# ├── static_libs/ - Symbolic links to dynamic libraries used by linker. Cleans on each call of build task.
# └── profile/ - gcc *.gcda profiling info files
OBJDIR="obj"
OUTDIR="bin"
STATIC_LIB_FILE="lib$PROJECT.a"
# OS-specific options
case "$OS" in
WINDOWS)
EXEC_FILE="$PROJECT.exe"
SHARED_LIB_FILE="$PROJECT.dll"
# example: "-I./"
INCLUDE=""
;;
LINUX)
EXEC_FILE="$PROJECT"
SHARED_LIB_FILE="$PROJECT.so"
INCLUDE=""
;;
*)
error "operating system $OS has no configuration variants"
;;
esac
# TASKS
case "$TASK" in
# creates executable using profiling info if it exists
build_exec)
# -flto applies more optimizations across object files
# -flto=auto is needed to multithreaded copilation
# -fuse-linker-plugin is required to use static libs with lto
# -fprofile-use enables compiler to use profiling info files to optimize executable
# -fprofile-prefix-path sets path where profiling info about objects are be saved
# -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -Wl,--gc-sections removes unused code
C_ARGS="-O2 -flto=auto -fuse-linker-plugin -fprofile-use -fprofile-prefix-path=$(realpath $OBJDIR)/objects -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -Wl,--gc-sections"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_exec.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# creates executable with debug info and no optimizations
build_exec_dbg)
C_ARGS="-O0 -g3"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_exec.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# creates shared library
build_shared_lib)
C_ARGS="-O2 -fpic -flto -shared"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS -Wl,-soname,$SHARED_LIB_FILE"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_shared_lib.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# creates shared library with debug symbols and no optimizations
build_shared_lib_dbg)
C_ARGS="-O0 -g3 -fpic -shared"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS -Wl,-soname,$SHARED_LIB_FILE"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_shared_lib.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# creates static library
build_static_lib)
C_ARGS="-O2 -fpic -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_static_lib.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# creates static library with debug symbols and no optimizations
build_static_lib_dbg)
C_ARGS="-O0 -g3"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_static_lib.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# executes $EXEC_FILE
exec)
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/exec.sh
;;
# executes $EXEC_FILE with valgrind memory checker
valgrind)
VALGRIND_ARGS="-s --read-var-info=yes --track-origins=yes --fullpath-after=$(pwd) --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all"
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/valgrind.sh
;;
# generates profiling info
profile)
OUTDIR="$OUTDIR/profile"
# -flto applies more optimizations across object files
# -flto=auto is needed to multithreaded copilation
# -fuse-linker-plugin is required to use static libs with lto
# -pg adds code to executable, that generates file containing function call info (gmon.out)
# -fprofile-generate generates executable with profiling code
# -fprofile-prefix-path sets path where profiling info about objects will be saved
C_ARGS="-O2 -flto=auto -fuse-linker-plugin -fprofile-generate -fprofile-prefix-path=$(realpath $OBJDIR)/objects"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_exec.sh
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/profile.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# compiles program with -pg and runs it with gprof
# uses gprof2dot python script to generate function call tree (pip install gprof2dot)
# requires graphviz (https://www.graphviz.org/download/source/)
gprof)
OUTDIR="$OUTDIR/gprof"
# -pg adds code to executable, that generates file containing function call info (gmon.out)
C_ARGS="-O2 -flto=auto -fuse-linker-plugin -pg"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_exec.sh
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/gprof.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# compiles program and runs it with callgrind (part of valgrind)
# uses gprof2dot python script to generate function call tree (pip install gprof2dot)
# requires graphviz (https://www.graphviz.org/download/source/)
# P.S. detailed results can be viewed in KCacheGrind
callgrind)
OUTDIR="$OUTDIR/callgrind"
# -pg adds code to executable, that generates file containing function call info (gmon.out)
C_ARGS="-O2 -flto=auto -fuse-linker-plugin"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_exec.sh
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/callgrind.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# compiles executable with sanitizers and executes it to find errors and warnings
sanitize)
OUTDIR="$OUTDIR/sanitize"
C_ARGS="-O0 -g3 -fsanitize=undefined,address"
CPP_ARGS="$C_ARGS"
LINKER_ARGS="$CPP_ARGS"
PRE_TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/build_exec.sh
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/exec.sh
POST_TASK_SCRIPT=
;;
# rebuilds specified dependencies
# EXAMPLE: `cbuild rebuild_dependencies=libexample1,fonts`
# 'all' can be specified to rebuild all dependencies
rebuild_dependencies)
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/rebuild_dependencies.sh
;;
# deletes generated files
clean)
TASK_SCRIPT=cbuild/default_tasks/clean.sh
;;
# nothing to do
"" | no_task)
;;
# unknown task
*)
error "task <$PROJECT/$TASK> not found"
;;
esac

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#include "VM.h"
#include "../instructions/instructions.h"
void VM_init(VM* vm){
memset(vm, 0, sizeof(VM));
vm->state = VMState_Initialized;
}
bool VM_loadProgram(VM* vm, u8* data, size_t size){
if(data == NULL){
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[VM_loadProgram] can't load program because data == NULL");
return false;
}
if(size == 0){
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[VM_loadProgram] can't load program because size == 0");
return false;
}
vm->data = data;
vm->data_size = size;
return true;
}
i32 VM_executeProgram(VM* vm){
if(vm->data == NULL){
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[VM_executeProgram] data is null");
return -1;
}
size_t pos = 0;
while (pos < vm->data_size){
u8 opcode = vm->data[pos];
const Instruction* instr = Instruction_getFromOpcode(opcode);
if(instr == NULL){
return -1;
}
pos++;
i32 bytes_read = instr->implementation(vm, pos);
if(bytes_read < 0)
return -1;
pos += bytes_read;
}
if(vm->state != VMState_Exited){
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] unexpected end of program", (void*)pos);
return -1;
}
// exit code of the program should be in ax register
return vm->ax.i32v;
}
bool VM_dataRead(VM* vm, void* dst, size_t pos, size_t size){
if(pos + size >= vm->data_size){
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] unexpected end of data", (void*)vm->data_size);
return false;
}
memcpy(dst, vm->data + pos, size);
return true;
}

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src/VM/VM.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "../std.h"
typedef union Register {
u32 u32v;
i32 i32v;
f32 f32v;
struct {
u16 u16v0;
u16 u16v1;
};
struct {
i16 i16v0;
i16 i16v1;
};
struct {
u8 u8v0;
u8 u8v1;
u8 u8v2;
u8 u8v3;
};
struct {
i8 i8v0;
i8 i8v1;
i8 i8v2;
i8 i8v3;
};
} Register;
typedef enum VMState {
VMState_Initialized,
VMState_Executing,
VMState_Exited,
} VMState;
typedef struct VM {
union {
struct {
Register ax;
Register bx;
Register cx;
Register dx;
};
Register registers[4];
};
VMState state;
char* error_message;
u8* data;
size_t data_size;
} VM;
void VM_init(VM* vm);
/// @brief Loads a program from the buffer.
/// @param data buffer with full program code
/// @param size size of the program in bytes
bool VM_loadProgram(VM* vm, u8* data, size_t size);
/// @brief Executes the program loaded into VM.
/// @return program exit code or -1 on error (check vm.error_message)
i32 VM_executeProgram(VM* vm);
#define VM_setErrorMessage(V, FORMAT, ...) {\
char* buf = malloc(256);\
sprintf(buf, FORMAT, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
vm->error_message = buf;\
}
bool VM_dataRead(VM* vm, void* dst, size_t pos, size_t size);

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#include "impl_macros.h"
/// EXIT
/// ax - exit code
i32 EXIT_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
vm->state = VMState_Exited;
return 0;
}

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#include "impl_macros.h"
/// MOV [dst_register] [src_register]
i32 MOV_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
u8 dst_register_i = 0;
readRegisterVar(dst_register_i);
u8 src_register_i = 0;
readRegisterVar(src_register_i);
if(dst_register_i == src_register_i){
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] dst_register_i == src_register_i (%x) ", (void*)pos, src_register_i);
return -1;
}
vm->registers[dst_register_i].u32v = vm->registers[src_register_i].u32v;
return sizeof(dst_register_i) + sizeof(src_register_i);
}

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#include "impl_macros.h"
/// NOP
i32 NOP_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
return 0;
}

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#include "impl_macros.h"
/// PUSH [dst_register] [value_size] [value]
i32 PUSH_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
u8 dst_register_i = 0;
readRegisterVar(dst_register_i);
u8 value_size = 0;
readValueSizeVar(value_size);
vm->registers[dst_register_i].u32v = 0;
if(!VM_dataRead(vm, &vm->registers[dst_register_i].u32v, pos, value_size))
return -1;
return sizeof(dst_register_i) + sizeof(value_size) + value_size;
}

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#include "impl_macros.h"
FILE* fileFromN(VM* vm, size_t pos, u32 file_n){
FILE* f = NULL;
switch(file_n){
case 0: f = stdin; break;
case 1: f = stdout; break;
case 2: f = stderr; break;
default:
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] invalid file_n (%x) ", (void*)pos, file_n);
break;
}
return f;
}
/// SYS
/// ax - func code
i32 SYS_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
u8 func_code = vm->ax.u8v0;
size_t result_code = 0;
switch(func_code){
// sys_read
// bx - file n
// cx - buffer ptr
// dx - buffer size
case 0:;
result_code = fread(vm->data + vm->cx.u32v, 1, vm->dx.u32v, fileFromN(vm, pos, vm->bx.u32v));
break;
// sys_write
// bx - file n
// cx - buffer ptr
// dx - buffer size
case 1:;
result_code = fwrite(vm->data + vm->cx.u32v, 1, vm->dx.u32v, fileFromN(vm, pos, vm->bx.u32v));
break;
default:
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] invalid system call (%x) ", (void*)pos, func_code);
return -1;
}
vm->ax.u32v = result_code;
return 0;
}

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#pragma once
#include "../instructions.h"
#define readVar(VAR) {\
if(!VM_dataRead(vm, &VAR, pos, sizeof(VAR))) \
return -1;\
pos += sizeof(VAR);\
}
#define validateRegisterIndex(VAR) {\
if(VAR > sizeof(vm->registers)){\
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] invalid register index (%x)", (void*)pos, VAR);\
return -1;\
}\
}
#define readRegisterVar(VAR) {\
readVar(VAR);\
validateRegisterIndex(VAR);\
}
#define validateValueSize(VAR) {\
if(VAR < 1 || VAR > 4){\
VM_setErrorMessage(vm, "[%p] invalid value_size (%x)", (void*)pos, VAR);\
return -1;\
}\
}
#define readValueSizeVar(VAR) {\
readVar(VAR);\
validateValueSize(VAR);\
}

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#include "impl_macros.h"
#define mathOperatorImpl(OPERATOR){\
u8 dst_register_i = 0, src_register_i = 0;\
readRegisterVar(dst_register_i);\
readRegisterVar(src_register_i);\
u8 value_size = 0;\
readValueSizeVar(value_size);\
\
switch(value_size){\
case 1: \
vm->registers[dst_register_i].u8v0 OPERATOR##= vm->registers[src_register_i].u8v0;\
break;\
case 2: \
vm->registers[dst_register_i].u16v0 OPERATOR##= vm->registers[src_register_i].u16v0;\
break;\
case 4: \
vm->registers[dst_register_i].u32v OPERATOR##= vm->registers[src_register_i].u32v;\
break;\
}\
return sizeof(dst_register_i) + sizeof(src_register_i) + sizeof(value_size);\
}
/// ADD [dst_register] [src_register]
i32 ADD_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
mathOperatorImpl(+);
}
/// SUB [dst_register] [src_register]
i32 SUB_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
mathOperatorImpl(-);
}
/// MUL [dst_register] [src_register]
i32 MUL_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
mathOperatorImpl(*)
}
/// DIV [dst_register] [src_register]
i32 DIV_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
mathOperatorImpl(/)
}
/// MOD [dst_register] [src_register]
i32 MOD_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos){
mathOperatorImpl(%)
}

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#include "instructions.h"
const Instruction instructions[] = {
Instruction_construct(NOP),
Instruction_construct(PUSH),
Instruction_construct(MOV),
Instruction_construct(ADD),
Instruction_construct(SUB),
Instruction_construct(MUL),
Instruction_construct(DIV),
Instruction_construct(MOD),
Instruction_construct(SYS),
Instruction_construct(EXIT),
// Instruction_construct(JMP),
// Instruction_construct(CALL),
};
const size_t instructions_count = sizeof(instructions)/sizeof(instructions[0]);
const Instruction* Instruction_getFromOpcode(u8 opcode){
if(opcode >= instructions_count)
return NULL;
return instructions + opcode;
}

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#pragma once
#include "../VM/VM.h"
///@param program_pos position in vm->program next afrer opcode
///@returns number of bytes read
typedef i32 (*InstructionImplFunc_t)(VM* vm, size_t program_pos);
typedef struct Instruction {
const char* name;
InstructionImplFunc_t implementation;
} Instruction;
#define Instruction_construct(NAME) {\
.name = #NAME, \
.implementation = NAME##_impl \
}
/// @brief get instruction info from table
/// @param opcode any byte
/// @return ptr to struct or NULL
const Instruction* Instruction_getFromOpcode(u8 opcode);
i32 NOP_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 PUSH_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 MOV_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 ADD_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 SUB_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 MUL_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 DIV_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 MOD_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 SYS_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 EXIT_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 JMP_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);
i32 CALL_impl(VM* vm, size_t pos);

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#include "VM/VM.h"
#include "instructions/instructions.h"
#define arg_is(STR) (strcmp(argv[argi], STR) == 0)
i32 main(const i32 argc, const char** argv){
const char* filename = NULL;
for(i32 argi = 1; argi < argc; argi++){
if(arg_is("-h") || arg_is("--help")){
printf(
"-h, --help Show this message\n"
"-op, --opcodes Shows list of all instructions.\n"
"-i, --image [FILE] Boot VM using image file\n"
);
return 0;
}
else if(arg_is("-op") || arg_is("--opcodes")){
for(u8 opcode = 0; opcode < 255; opcode++){
const Instruction* instr = Instruction_getFromOpcode(opcode);
if(instr != NULL){
printf("%02x %s\n", opcode, instr->name);
}
}
return 0;
}
else if(arg_is("-i") || arg_is("--image")){
if(++argi >= argc){
printfe("ERROR: no image file specified");
return 1;
}
filename = argv[argi];
}
else {
printfe("ERROR: unknown argument '%s'", argv[argi]);
return 1;
}
}
if(filename == NULL){
printfe("ERROR: no arguments provided. Use --help to know more.");
return 1;
}
FILE* file = fopen(filename, "rb");
if(file == NULL){
printfe("ERROR: can't open file '%s'", filename);
return 1;
}
const size_t buffer_size = 1024*1024;
u8* buffer = malloc(buffer_size);
memset(buffer, 0, buffer_size);
size_t bytes_read = fread(buffer, 1, buffer_size, file);
fclose(file);
if(bytes_read == (size_t)EOF){
printfe("ERROR: can't read file '%s'", filename);
free(buffer);
return 1;
}
VM vm;
VM_init(&vm);
i32 exit_code = 1;
if(VM_loadProgram(&vm, buffer, bytes_read)){
exit_code = VM_executeProgram(&vm);
}
if(vm.error_message != NULL){
printfe("VM ERROR: %s", vm.error_message);
free(vm.error_message);
}
free(buffer);
return exit_code;
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef int8_t i8;
typedef uint8_t u8;
typedef int16_t i16;
typedef uint16_t u16;
typedef int32_t i32;
typedef uint32_t u32;
typedef int64_t i64;
typedef uint64_t u64;
typedef float f32;
typedef double f64;
typedef u8 bool;
#define true 1
#define false 0
#define printfe(FORMAT, ...) fprintf(stderr, FORMAT ,##__VA_ARGS__)